Buffer capacity of the coelomic fluid in echinoderms

Collard, Marie; Laitat, K.; Moulin, Laure; Catarino, Ana I.; Grosjean, Philippe; Dúbois, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.002

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…More experiments should be carried out with realistic food conditions before the "no effect on growth" results can be relied upon. In sea urchins, an indirect effect through the energetic cost of pH compensation in the extracellular fluid, which was reported in several species (see, e.g., Stumpp et al, 2012a;Catarino et al, 2012;Collard et al, 2013b) but not in others (e.g., Miles et al, 2007), could be one of the involved mechanisms. Because homeostasis in the extracellular fluid seems to be rather different in larvae and adults, mechanisms elegantly demonstrated by Stumpp et al (2012b) for sea urchin larvae probably cannot be applied as such to adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus it is surprising that some sea urchins (e.g., Arbacia lixula, cidaroids) that have naturally low coelomic fluid pH and ⍀ Ar (ca. 7.0 and Ͻ1, respectively) (Collard et al, 2013b(Collard et al, , 2014Calosi et al, 2013) have test plates whose inner face is not etched (A. Dery, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Collard, and Dubois, unpubl.). This may point to specific differences of mesothelium permeability or to the occurrence of other protection mechanisms of the skeletal plates.…”

Section: Skeleton Etching Dissolution Amorphous Calcium Carbonate mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Dúbois

2014

The Biological Bulletin

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Abstract. Available evidence on the impact of acidification and its interaction with warming on the skeleton of postmetamorphic (juvenile and adult) echinoderms is reviewed. Data are available on sea urchins, starfish, and brittle stars in 33 studies. Skeleton growth of juveniles of all sea urchin species studied so far is affected from pH 7.8 to 7.6 in seawater, values that are expected to be reached during the 21st century. Growth in adult sea urchins (six species studied) is apparently only marginally affected at seawater pH relevant to this century. The interacting effect of temperature differed according to studies. Juvenile starfish as well as adults seem to be either not impacted or even boosted by acidification. Brittle stars show moderate effects at pH below or equal to 7.4. Dissolution of the body wall skeleton is unlikely to be a major threat to sea urchins. Spines, however, due to their exposed position, are more prone to this threat, but their regeneration abilities can probably ensure their maintenance, although this could have an energetic cost and induce changes in resource allocation. No information is available on skeleton dissolution in starfish, and the situation in brittle stars needs further assessment. Very preliminary evidence indicates that mechanical properties in sea urchins could be affected. So, although the impact of ocean acidification on the skeleton of echinoderms has been considered as a major threat from the first studies, we need a better understanding of the induced changes, in particular the functional consequences of growth modifications and dissolution related to mechanical properties. It is suggested to focus studies on these aspects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeleton Etching Dissolution Amorphous Calcium Carbonate mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Dúbois

2014

The Biological Bulletin

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“…Amongst echinoderms, echinoids have the highest buffer capacity of the coelomic fluid to ambient pCO 2 increase (Collard et al 2013). The intestine of these animals can act as a barrier for bicarbonate ions and is selective for ion diffusion (Holtmann et al 2013).…”

Section: Coelomic Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of near-future temperature increase and ocean acidification on physiology and gonad development in adult Pacific sea urchin, Echinometra sp. A

et al. 2014

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Increased atmospheric CO 2 will have a twofold impact on future marine ecosystems, increasing global sea surface temperatures and uptake of CO 2 (Ocean Acidification). Many experiments focus on the investigation of one of these stressors, but under realistic future climate predictions, these stressors may have interactive effects on individuals. Here, we investigate the effect of warming and acidification in combination. We test for interactive effects of potential near-future (2100) temperature (?2 to 3°C) and pCO 2 (*860-940 lAtm) levels on the physiology of the tropical echinoid Echinometra sp. A. The greatest reduction in growth was under simultaneous temperature and pH/pCO 2 stress (marginally significant temperature 9 pH/pCO 2 interaction). This was mirrored by the physiological data, with highest metabolic activity (measured as respiration and ammonium excretion) occurring at the increased temperature and pCO 2 treatment, although this was not significant for excretion. The perivisceral coelomic fluid pH was *7.5-7.6, as typical for echinoids, and showed no significant changes between treatments. Indicative of active calcification, internal magnesium and calcium concentrations were reduced compared to the external medium, but were not different between treatments. Gonad weight was lower at the higher temperature, and this difference was more distinct and statistically significant for males. The condition of the gonads assessed by histology declined in increased temperature and low pH treatments. The Echinometra grew in all treatments indicating active calcification of their magnesium calcite tests even as carbonate mineral saturation decreased. Our results indicate that the interactive temperature and pH effects are more important for adult echinoids than individual stressors. Although adult specimens grow and survive in nearfuture conditions, higher energy demands may influence gonad development and thus population maintenance.

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“…Some organisms have good control over tissue acid-base balance (Collard et al, 2013b), while others have poor to no control (Catarino et al, 2012) or only under substantial energetic cost . In organisms such as echinoderms, corals and molluscs, reduced pH substantially increases the energetic cost of producing or maintaining calcium carbonate skeletons (Kaniewska et al, 2012), and so lower seawater pH [ocean acidification (OA)] is often accompanied by elevated metabolic rates (Beniash et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urchins in a high CO2 world: partitioned effects of body-size, ocean warming and acidification on metabolic rate

Carey

Harianto

Byrne

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Body size and temperature are the major factors explaining metabolic rate, and the additional factor of pH is a major driver at the biochemical level. These three factors have frequently been found to interact, complicating the formulation of broad models predicting metabolic rates and hence ecological functioning. In this first study of the effects of warming and ocean acidification, and their potential interaction, on metabolic rate across a broad range in body size (two to three orders of magnitude difference in body mass), we addressed the impact of climate change on the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma in context with climate projections for southeast Australia, an ocean warming hotspot. Urchins were gradually introduced to two temperatures (18 and 23°C) and two pH levels (7.5 and 8.0), at which they were maintained for 2 months. Identical experimental trials separated by several weeks validated the fact that a new physiological steady state had been reached, otherwise known as acclimation. The relationship between body size, temperature and acidification on the metabolic rate of H. erythrogramma was strikingly stable. Both stressors caused increases in metabolic rate: 20% for temperature and 19% for pH. Combined effects were additive: a 44% increase in metabolism. Body size had a highly stable relationship with metabolic rate regardless of temperature or pH. None of these diverse drivers of metabolism interacted or modulated the effects of the others, highlighting the partitioned nature of how each influences metabolic rate, and the importance of achieving a full acclimation state. Despite these increases in energetic demand there was very limited capacity for compensatory modulating of feeding rate; food consumption increased only in the very smallest specimens, and only in response to temperature, and not pH. Our data show that warming, acidification and body size all substantially affect metabolism and are highly consistent and partitioned in their effects, and for H. erythrogramma, near-future climate change will incur a substantial energetic cost.

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Buffer capacity of the coelomic fluid in echinoderms

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

The Skeleton of Postmetamorphic Echinoderms in a Changing World

Interactive effects of near-future temperature increase and ocean acidification on physiology and gonad development in adult Pacific sea urchin, Echinometra sp. A

Urchins in a high CO2 world: partitioned effects of body-size, ocean warming and acidification on metabolic rate

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