Bufavirus Protoparvovirus in feces of wild rats in China

Yang, Shixing; Liu, Dawei; Wang, Yan; Qu, Fanyong; He, Yilin; Sun, Zixuan; Shen, Yin; Li, Wang; Fu, Xingli; Deng, Xutao; Zhang, Wen; Delwart, Eric

doi:10.1007/s11262-015-1262-1

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To identify such cross-reactivity is a prerequisite for correct interpretation of the HBoV EIA results1929. The human bufavirus genotypes differ by 27–36% in VP24, and in our EIA analysis the BuV genotypes were not cross-reactive. Neither the BuV genotype, the antibody level in the sample, nor the age of the subject affected assay specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The classification of parvoviruses is currently based on the non-structural protein (NS1) sequence3, and both BuV and TuV are classified in the Protoparvovirus genus in the Parvoviridae family. Human bufaviruses are conserved in the NS1 protein (94–96% similarity at the amino acid (aa) level)4, and thus belong to one species, Primate protoparvovirus 1 3. However, the BuV capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 share only 71–78% and 64–73% similarities at the aa level, respectively, generating three genotypes45.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Human bufaviruses are conserved in the NS1 protein (94–96% similarity at the amino acid (aa) level)4, and thus belong to one species, Primate protoparvovirus 1 3. However, the BuV capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 share only 71–78% and 64–73% similarities at the aa level, respectively, generating three genotypes45. Tusavirus on the other hand has been described only in one child2, although partial TuV-like sequences have been detected in fur seals in Brazil6.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…BuV-like viruses have been found in wild and captive non-human primates as well as in swine, shrews, rats, bats and fur seals46121314151617. The detection of these viruses in sera of rhesus monkeys in the USA, and in the spleen of wild baboons and shrews in Zambia, suggests that BuV-like viruses may cause systemic infections1213.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Väisänen

Paloniemi

Kuisma

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Two human parvoviruses were recently discovered by metagenomics in Africa, bufavirus (BuV) in 2012 and tusavirus (TuV) in 2014. These viruses have been studied exclusively by PCR in stool and detected only in patients with diarrhoea, although at low prevalence. Three genotypes of BuV have been identified. We detected, by in-house EIA, BuV1-3 IgG antibodies in 7/228 children (3.1%) and 10/180 adults (5.6%), whereas TuV IgG was found in one child (0.4%). All children and 91% of the adults were Finnish, yet interestingly 3/6 adults of Indian origin were BuV-IgG positive. By competition EIA, no cross-reactivity between the BuVs was detected, indicating that the BuV genotypes represent distinct serotypes. Furthermore, we analysed by BuV qPCR stool and nasal swab samples from 955 children with gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, or both, and found BuV DNA in three stools (0.3%) and for the first time in a nasal swab (0.1%). This is the first study documenting the presence of BuV and TuV antibodies in humans. Although the seroprevalences of both viruses were low in Finland, our results indicate that BuV infections might be widespread in Asia. The BuV-specific humoral immune responses appeared to be strong and long-lasting, pointing to systemic infection in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Väisänen

Paloniemi

Kuisma

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The role of bufaviruses as an etiologic agent of human gastroenteritis has not been firmly established yet. Further metagenomic investigations show distinct lineages of bufavirus in wild shrews and non-human primates from Zambia (Sasaki et al, 2015), in Hungarian bats (Kemenesi et al, 2015) and pigs (Hargitai et al, 2016) and in Chinese rats (Yang et al, 2016). This report describes the identification and characterization of bufavirus in faeces of domestic pigs by a metagenomic approach.…”

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confidence: 88%

Identification of a novel bufavirus in domestic pigs by a viral metagenomic approach

Schwarz

Ullman

Ahola

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Bufavirus is a single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Protoparvovirus. This study reports the identification and characterization of a porcine bufavirus by a metagenomic approach, and a limited epidemiology investigation of bufavirus in six swine farms. A comparative genome analysis showed a similarity of 93 % to a Hungarian porcine bufavirus. Bayesian and maximumlikelihood analyses of genome sequences showed a close relationship of porcine bufaviruses to human and monkey bufaviruses. Molecular dating of the most recent common ancestors supported a recent introduction of bufaviruses into human and pig populations, respectively. A real-time PCR method was developed to screen 60 faecal samples for the porcine bufavirus DNA, and eight positive samples were found in two neighbouring farms, suggesting a relatively low prevalence (13.3 %). No direct transmission of porcine bufaviruses between two neighbouring farms was found, suggesting that bufaviruses may have spread widely in different geographical regions.Bufavirus belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae (Cotmore et al., 2014). The virus has a single-stranded DNA genome, encoding non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a putative structural protein 1 (VP1), a small hypothetical protein of 130 aa residues and a structural protein 2 (VP2), as demonstrated in a reference genome (GenBank accession number: NC_024888). Genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis have grouped human bufaviruses into three genotypes (Yahiro et al., 2014). Bufavirus has first been identified in faeces of children with acute diarrhoea in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa, and found in one Tunisian child (Phan et al., 2012). Subsequently, the virus has been discovered sporadically in cases of diarrhoea in Bhutan (Yahiro et al., 2014), Finland (V€ ais€ anen et al., 2014, the Netherlands (Smits et al., 2014), Turkey (Altay et al., 2015), Thailand (Chieochansin et al., 2015) and China (Huang et al., 2015). The role of bufaviruses as an etiologic agent of human gastroenteritis has not been firmly established yet. Further metagenomic investigations show distinct lineages of bufavirus in wild shrews and non-human primates from Zambia (Sasaki et al., 2015), in Hungarian bats (Kemenesi et al., 2015) and pigs (Hargitai et al., 2016) and in Chinese rats (Yang et al., 2016). This report describes the identification and characterization of bufavirus in faeces of domestic pigs by a metagenomic approach.A total of 60 samples were collected from 6-10-week-old pigs, on five Austrian farms and one Hungarian farm (Fig. 1). The samples consisted of five diarrhoeic (semiliquid or liquid form) and five normal faeces per farm. One diarrhoeic and one normal sample from each farm were used for the metagenomic studies and all samples were used for subsequent epidemiological investigation. About 200 mg of faeces were diluted to 1 ml of water, vortexed vigorously for 1 min and centrifuged at 14 000 g for 10 min. Supernatant (400 µl) was treated with 400 U ml À1 DNase I (Ro...

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