Buckling and free vibration analyses of pultruded GFRP laminated composites: Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations

Madenci, Emrah; Özkılıç, Yasin Onuralp; Gemi, Lokman

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112806

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This was made possible by extensive studies conducted over the last 70 years [ 3 , 4 ]. The popularity of composite materials results from their properties, such as high specific strength and stiffness [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]; improved durability [ 9 , 10 ]; high fatigue [ 11 , 12 ], chemical [ 13 , 14 ], and corrosion resistance [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; and ease of transportation and assembly [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] of composite structures. Composite materials are produced by various processes, e.g., autoclave molding, resin transfer molding, compression molding, filament winding, and pultrusion [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

et al. 2021

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Pultrusion is one of the most efficient methods of producing polymer composite structures with a constant cross-section. Pultruded profiles are widely used in bridge construction, transportation industry, energy sector, and civil and architectural engineering. However, in spite of the many advantages thermoplastic composites have over the thermoset ones, the thermoplastic pultrusion market demonstrates significantly lower production volumes as compared to those of the thermoset one. Examining the thermoplastic pultrusion processes, raw materials, mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites, process simulation techniques, patents, and applications of thermoplastic pultrusion, this overview aims to analyze the existing gap between thermoset and thermoplastic pultrusions in order to promote the development of the latter one. Therefore, observing thermoplastic pultrusion from a new perspective, we intend to identify current shortcomings and issues, and to propose future research and application directions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) exhibit such advantages as high strength-to-weight ratio, improved durability, resistance to corrosion and influence of harsh environment, ease of transportation and handling [5,6]. Among all the available techniques, the pultrusion manufacturing process is the most cost-efficient one [7].…”

Section: Intr Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Spring-in Deformation in L-shaped Profiles Pultruded at Different Pulling Speeds: Mathematical Simulation and Experimental Results

Vedernikov¹,

Safonov²,

Tucci³

et al. 2021

Esaform 2021

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Peculiarities of the pultrusion manufacturing process lead to the occurrence of spring-in deformations, whereas their value depends on the pulling speed. In this article experimental and numerical analysis was carried out for glass fiber/vinyl ester resin 75 × 75 × 6 mm L-shaped profiles pultruded at pulling speeds of 200 and 600 mm/min. Spring-in angles of produced profiles were determined on the same day of manufacturing when profiles cooled down to room temperature. Higher pulling speeds provoked increased values of spring-in. 2D numerical model accounting for thermo-chemical and mechanical composite’s behavior during pultrusion was implemented in ABAQUS software. Cure Hardening Instantaneous Linear Elastic (CHILE) constitutive law was used to describe matrix resin Young’s modulus evolution. Since both unidirectional (UD) rovings and fabric material were utilized, effective mechanical properties of UD and fabric layers were calculated in accordance with Self-Consistent Field Micromechanics (SCFM) approach. Spring-in angles determined within experimental and numerical studies were compared and a good correlation was found: the errors were 12.6% and 6% for the pulling speed of 200 and 600 mm/min, respectively.

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“…Pultrusion is the most efficient process for producing composite structural profiles of constant cross-sections [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio [ 4 , 5 ], superior corrosion resistance [ 6 , 7 ], and improved durability [ 8 , 9 ], pultruded profiles have been successfully used as structural elements in the fields of bridge construction [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], civil [ 13 , 14 ], and architectural engineering [ 15 , 16 ]; marine construction [ 17 , 18 ]; aerospace and aviation engineering [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]; transportation [ 22 , 23 ]; and energy systems [ 24 ]. However, process-induced deformations, such as spring-in (common in curved elements) and warpage (common in flat elements), may result in a certain loss in the economic efficiency of mass production of composite profiles [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Spring-In of L-Shaped Structural Profiles Pultruded at Different Pulling Speeds

et al. 2021

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Cure-induced deformations are inevitable in pultruded composite profiles due to the peculiarities of the pultrusion process and usually require the use of costly shimming operations at the assembly stage for their compensation. Residual stresses formed at the production and assembly stages impair the mechanical performance of pultruded elements. A numerical technique that would allow the prediction and reduction of cure-induced deformations is essential for the optimization of the pultrusion process. This study is aimed at the development of a numerical model that is able to predict spring-in in pultruded L-shaped profiles. The model was developed in the ABAQUS software suite with user subroutines UMAT, FILM, USDFLD, HETVAL, and UEXPAN. The authors used the 2D approach to describe the thermochemical and mechanical behavior via the modified Cure Hardening Instantaneous Linear Elastic (CHILE) model. The developed model was validated in two experiments conducted with a 6-month interval using glass fiber/vinyl ester resin L-shaped profiles manufactured at pulling speeds of 200, 400, and 600 mm/min. Spring-in predictions obtained with the proposed numerical model fall within the experimental data range. The validated model has allowed authors to establish that the increase in spring-in values observed at higher pulling speeds can be attributed to a higher fraction of uncured material in the composite exiting the die block and the subsequent increase in chemical shrinkage that occurs under unconstrained conditions. This study is the first one to isolate and evaluate the contributions of thermal and chemical shrinkage into spring-in evolution in pultruded profiles. Based on this model, the authors demonstrate the possibility of achieving the same level of spring-in at increased pulling speeds from 200 to 900 mm/min, either by using a post-die cooling tool or by reducing the chemical shrinkage of the resin. The study provides insight into the factors significantly affecting the spring-in, and it analyzes the methods of spring-in reduction that can be used by scholars to minimize the spring-in in the pultrusion process.

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Buckling and free vibration analyses of pultruded GFRP laminated composites: Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations

Cited by 77 publications

References 82 publications

Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

Analysis of Spring-in Deformation in L-shaped Profiles Pultruded at Different Pulling Speeds: Mathematical Simulation and Experimental Results

Modeling Spring-In of L-Shaped Structural Profiles Pultruded at Different Pulling Speeds

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