—The activities of five lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, β‐glucosidase, β‐glucuronidase, β‐galactosidase and N‐arylamidase (classified according to Marks (1970)) were measured by means of sensitive microchemical techniques in frozen‐dried rat neural lobe tissue after experimental and physiological stimulation of hormone release from the hypothalamo–neurohypophysial system i.e. water deprivation (3 and 6 days), delivery and lactation (10 days). During all conditions of stimulation increases of 29 to 106 per cent were measured for lysosomal enzyme activity, expressed as mmol/ng DNA/h. With histochemical staining methods the acid phosphatase activity appears to be mainly localized in the pituicytes, but it was impossible to visualize the microchemically measured acid phosphatase activity increase within the two main compartments of the neurohypophysis, i.e. axonal endings and the neurohypophysial glial cells, the pituicytes.