Buccal alterations in diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Long standing hyperglycaemia besides damaging the kidneys, eyes, nerves, blood vessels, heart, can also impair the function of the salivary glands leading to a reduction in the salivary flow. When salivary flow decreases, as a consequence of an acute hyperglycaemia, many buccal or oral alterations can occur such as: a) increased concentration of mucin and glucose; b) impaired production and/or action of many antimicrobial factors; c) absence of a metalloprotein called gustin, that contains zinc and is responsible for the constant maturation of taste papillae; d) bad taste; e) oral candidiasis f) increased cells exfoliation after contact, because of poor lubrication; g) increased proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms; h) coated tongue; i) halitosis; and many others may occur as a consequence of chronic hyperglycaemia: a) tongue alterations, generally a burning mouth; b) periodontal disease; c) white spots due to demineralization in the teeth; d) caries; e) delayed healing of wounds; f) greater tendency to infections; g) lichen planus; h) mucosa ulcerations. Buccal alterations found in diabetic patients, although not specific of this disease, have its incidence and progression increased when an inadequate glycaemic control is present.

Salivary Carbonic Anhydrase Vi, Zinc Sulfate Taste Acuity and Frequency of Illness: A Pilot Study

“…For example, polymorphisms of CA6 have been associated with both alterations in taste function and the amount of CA6 produced (Peres et al, 2010;Aidar et al, 2013). Also, when salivary flow rate slows, such as in the case of acute hyperglycemia, CA6 levels decrease (Negrato and Tarzia, 2010). Additionally, the autonomic nervous system may also play a role in the amount of CA6 produced as has been suggested in a study of sheep (Fernley et al, 1991).…”

Alterações em mucosa bucal de pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus

“…Neste estudo, 31 pacientes (59,6%) apresentaram queixa de xerostomia. Sabe-se que a xerostomia é causada pela diminuição do fluxo salivar e a saliva possui um importante papel de capacidade tampão, lubrificação e defesa; a ausência da saliva favorece o desenvolvimento de patologias como a candidíase e gengivite 15 . No estudo de Gondivkar et al 16 (2009), os autores avaliaram a função gustativa de diabéticos tipo 2 controlados e não controlados, obtendo como resultado uma alta prevalência de debilidade em ambos os grupos, com 80% nos indivíduos sem o controle da doença e 50% nos controlados.…”

Periodontito Ir Reumatoidinio Artrito Ryšys. Literatūros Apžvalga

“…Didžiausią įtaką ligos atsiradimui turi anaerobinės Gram-neigiamos bakterijos, randamos dantų apnaše ir konkrementuose. Be to, šios bakterijos gali skverbtis į dantenas ir cementą [1]. Tačiau ne mažiau svarbūs ligos išsivystymui yra ir kiti veiksniai: imuninis atsakas, genetinis polinkis [2,3,4], rūkymas [6,5,7], diabetas, prasta burnos higiena, estrogenų kiekio sutrikimas [8,6,9,10], dislipidemija [11,12], nutukimas [13,14] ir kt.…”