Bubble Growth in Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Carbon Dioxide Mixture

Jie, Chen; Xu, Xiaofei

doi:10.3390/polym11040648

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Here it is notable that tiny bubbles, during the polymerization process, grow larger either through amalgamation or expansion in an exothermic reaction. 27 During mixing, bubbles that are imperceptible to the human eye suddenly become visible after curing. While the chemical analysis proved that the reinforcing GA powder did not affect the structure of the original PMMA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer

KHAN,

Alkhureif,

Awaiyer

et al. 2023

Pak J Med Sci

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Objective: This laboratory study determined the surface, mechanical and chemical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture resin reinforced with micron-sized Gum Arabic (GA) powder in different weight ratios. Methods: This laboratory study was conducted at the Dental Health Department of the College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from November 2022 to February 2023. Three experimental denture resins were prepared by incorporating GA powder in heat-polymerized PMMA powder using different wt.% (5, 10, and 20 wt.%). While pristine PMMA served as the control group. A total of ten bar-shaped specimens with dimensions of 65 mm ×10 mm × 3.5 mm were prepared for each study group. The surface properties (micro CT and SEM evaluation), mechanical properties (Nanohardness, elastic modulus and flexural strength) and chemical properties (FTIR) were conducted. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: The surface and bulk properties of experimental GA-reinforced PMMA resin materials deteriorated while the mechanical properties were also negatively altered using GA-based PMMA denture resin. A linear correlation was observed between weak mechanical properties and increasing wt.% of GA in denture resin. Conclusions: The incorporation of GA powder in denture resin might not be a viable option. The surface and mechanical properties of experimental PMMA composites were adversely affected compared to the control group. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7837 How to cite this: Khan AA, Alkhureif AA, Awaiyer MS, Bautista LSJ. Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7837 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer

KHAN,

Alkhureif,

Awaiyer

et al. 2023

Pak J Med Sci

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“…Most of these factors have evolved for the purpose of exuberant situations, which makes things more complex (temperature and pressure). 127,129 Established on the presence of a nucleation site, the nucleation process is also classified into solid nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. The main dissimilarity between solid and heterogeneous nucleation is the required power of stimulation for nucleation, which is Gibbs free energy (G) = G H TS (1) where H and S can be related to the quantity and distribution of energy in a collection of molecules and T is the temperature.…”

Section: Foaming Tube and Plunging Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each phase is affected by several physical attributes, such as viscosity, gas solubility, surface tension, and glass transition temperature. Most of these factors have evolved for the purpose of exuberant situations, which makes things more complex (temperature and pressure). , …”

Section: Foam Generation Processes/techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of Foam Generation Techniques and Future Directions of Nanoparticle-Stabilized CO₂ Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery

2023

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Global demand for energy is increasing day by day rapidly as a result of the population, industrial, and economic growth of developing countries, especially in emerging market economies. Hence, to meet this growing and continuing global crude oil demand, innovative enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are required to emerge, and currently, implemented techniques need to be revisited and optimized to recover more residual oil trapped in the reservoirs. Among different chemicals, foam has good mobility control in the oil recovery method. Nowadays, the study on the stability of foam is an utmost interest for petroleum engineers to find a way to obtain stable foam for application in EOR. In this review, the basics of foam and its preparations, properties, application, and some special applications mainly in the oil industry have been depicted to convey an idea of the degree of foam research in EOR. Basically, this review will provide a detailed discussion on the applications of foam in oil recovery and some short ideas that can be applied in the near future for nanoparticle (NP)-assisted stable CO2 foam flooding in EOR. Increasing the NP concentration initially improved foam stability because a higher number of NPs participated in strengthening the gas bubble and initially increased oil recovery as a result of the formation of more stable foam. The polymer-coated, nanoclay–surfactant-stabilized foam and surface-modified silica nanoparticles have exceptional foaming ability and foam stability at high temperatures, making them suitable for the production from heavy oil reservoirs. Some other nanoparticles, like Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, and NiO, have also been used for enhancing foam stability by preventing liquid drainage from lamella. Also, NP-stabilized CO2 foam flooding can enhance oil recovery by 10–15% after secondary recovery by creating a more homogeneous gas front for better mobility control.

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“…[ 29–33 ] The effect of temperature, viscosity, and other materials function on the bubble growth in thermoplastics foaming process was simulated by other researchers. [ 34–37 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a bubble growth model for natural rubber‐based foams

Ferasat

Fasihi

Ghoreishy

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The modeling of bubble growth was employed as a technique to control the cellular structure and by taking the equations of bubble growth and rubber curing into account simultaneously, the instantaneous radius of cells as a function of time was predicted. Side‐by‐side solves of the Kamal–Sourour kinetic model, as well as the heat transfer equation, led to the development of temperature variation function. Also, the predictions of the employed model concerning the effects of different parameters like the temperature of the foaming process, the level of foaming agent, and various physical attributes such as viscosity, gas diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, density, and surface tension on the bubble growth and radius alterations were analyzed. Based on the obtained scanning electron microscopy image from the cellular structure, there was only a 15% disparity between the predicted and experimental data about the bubble radius. Contrary to temperature, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, an increment in the level of foaming agent, diffusion coefficient, and density caused a rise of bubble radius. Also, the surface tension had an insignificant impact on the volume of the bubbles. Based on the findings, the applied model has proper credibility and can predict the influences of the abovementioned factors with satisfying accuracy.

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Bubble Growth in Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Carbon Dioxide Mixture

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer

Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer

Perspectives of Foam Generation Techniques and Future Directions of Nanoparticle-Stabilized CO₂ Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Development of a bubble growth model for natural rubber‐based foams

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Bubble Growth in Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Carbon Dioxide Mixture

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer

Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer

Perspectives of Foam Generation Techniques and Future Directions of Nanoparticle-Stabilized CO2 Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Development of a bubble growth model for natural rubber‐based foams

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Product

Resources

About

Perspectives of Foam Generation Techniques and Future Directions of Nanoparticle-Stabilized CO₂ Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery