“…In particular, as a significant factor for the reliability and performance of the MCHS, temperature instability has drawn more attention in recent years [ 14 , 15 ]. Many researchers point out that the temperature stability of a microchannel is more susceptible than macro or conventional channels [ 16 , 17 ]. However, most of the studies focus on the boiling state, where bubble generation, growth, and departure contribute to temperature fluctuation [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”