BTEX recovery from waste rubbers by catalytic pyrolysis over Zn loaded tire derived char

Pan, Yuhan; Sima, Jingyuan; Wang, Xinwen; Zhou, Yuwei; Huang, Qunxing

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.013

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, for very thin powder samples, as is the case of these tire-derived carbons, the N 2 isotherms show a sharp rise in the adsorbed amount at high relative pressures (p/p 0 > 0.9) associated with interparticle porosity rather than bulk porosity (Sotomayor et al 2018 ). These N 2 isotherms are quite similar to the ones obtained by other authors concerning tire-derived chars (Wang et al 2019 ; Betancur et al 2020 ; Pan et al 2021 ). The micropore size distributions obtained from the DFT adsorption model for carbon slit-shaped pores (Figures S2 and S3 ) reveal that the activation of chars increased the volume of narrow micropores, being especially visible for the CO 2 -activated chars.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Valorisation of spent tire rubber as carbon adsorbents for Pb(II) and W(VI) in the framework of a Circular Economy

Bernardo

Lapa

Pinto

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Spent tire rubber-derived chars and their corresponding H3PO4 and CO2-activated chars were used as adsorbents in the recovery of Pb(II) ion and (W(VI)) oxyanion from synthetic solutions. The developed chars (both raw and activated) were thoroughly characterized to have insight about their textural and surface chemistry properties. H3PO4-activated chars presented lower surface areas than the raw chars and an acidic surface chemistry which affected the performance of these samples as they showed the lowest removals of the metallic ions. On the other hand, CO2-activated chars presented increased surface areas and increased mineral content compared to the raw chars, having presented higher uptake capacities for both Pb(II) (103–116 mg/g) and W(VI) (27–31 mg/g) ions. Cation exchange with Ca, Mg and Zn ions was appointed as a mechanism for Pb removal, as well as surface precipitation in the form of hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2). W(VI) adsorption might have been ruled by strong electrostatic attractions between the negatively charged tungstate species and the highly positively charged carbons’ surface.The results shown in this work allow concluding that the valorisation of spent tire rubber through pyrolysis and the subsequent activation of the obtained chars is an alternative and a feasible option to generate adsorbent materials with a high uptake capacity of critical metallic elements.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Valorisation of spent tire rubber as carbon adsorbents for Pb(II) and W(VI) in the framework of a Circular Economy

Bernardo

Lapa

Pinto

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“… 14 , 27 , 28 In addition, BTEX and limonene production are mainly focused via catalytic pyrolysis. 29 − 31 To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study showing the continuous fractioning of TPO in a pilot-scale distillation plant using a packed column. The goal of this work is not only to demonstrate the technical feasibility to recover valuable products from TPO by distillation but also to gather key information for future optimization steps, as well as for bringing the process at industrial scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Reports on the fractionation of TPO and acquisition of the mentioned chemicals (BTEX, limonene) are rather scarce in the literature. Most of the studies on distillation are found using lab-scale facilities operated at batch mode and aimed at producing fuel-like streams. ,, In addition, BTEX and limonene production are mainly focused via catalytic pyrolysis. − To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study showing the continuous fractioning of TPO in a pilot-scale distillation plant using a packed column. The goal of this work is not only to demonstrate the technical feasibility to recover valuable products from TPO by distillation but also to gather key information for future optimization steps, as well as for bringing the process at industrial scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Fractioning the Tire Pyrolysis Oil in a Pilot-Scale Distillation Plant under Industrially Relevant Conditions

et al. 2023

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Tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) is one of the most interesting products derived from the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires. Among others, it contains valuable chemicals, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), as well as limonene. In order to recover these chemicals, a pilot-scale distillation plant has been designed, erected, and operated using TPO derived from an industrial-scale pyrolysis plant. The distillation facility consists of a packed column (20 kg/h) and is within the fifth technological readiness level. This work describes for the first time the fractioning of the TPO in a continuous operational mode under industrially relevant conditions. For this purpose, different reboiler temperatures (250–290 °C) and reflux ratios (up to 2.4) were preliminarily assessed on the yields and properties of the resulting products: light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF). Thus, the distillation plant is capable of producing 27.0–36.7 and 63.3–73.0 wt % of LF and HF, respectively. The highest BTEX concentration in the LF (55.2 wt %) was found using a reboiler temperature of 250 °C and a reflux ratio of 2.4. Contrarily, the highest limonene concentration (4.9 wt %) in the LF was obtained at 290 °C in the reboiler without reflux. In this sense, the lower the reboiler temperature, the higher the BTEX, and the lower the limonene concentration in the LF. The main results herein obtained serve to gain key insights to operate packed distillation columns using complex and promising hydrocarbons as TPO in order to recover valuable products. In addition, this work provides significant information for optimizing the recovery efficiencies of both BTEX and limonene, as well as their potential applications including that for the resulting HF.

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“…Recent years have witnessed a rise in energy demand because of the more considerable rise in energy consumption. Conventional fundamental energy sources, namely fossil energy sources, couldn't satisfy the world's energy needs (Pan et al, 2021). Moreover, the environmental contamination results from these sources must be noticed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Date Stones Using Natural Activated Kaolin as a Catalyst – Optimization of Variables and Identification of Bio-Oil

Ibrahim,

Fadhil

2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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This research examines the catalytic performance of the catalyst developed from natural kaolin clay as a cheap catalyst for the thermal pyrolysis of date stones (DS). Firstly, the natural kaolin clay was acid-treated, followed by thermal activation at 600 °C for 2h to obtain the activated kaolin catalyst (AKC). Several techniques, like BET surface area, pore volume distribution, XRD, FESEM, and EDX, were utilized to identify the AKC. The BET surface area of the AKC was 119.49 m 2 /g, while its mean pore diameter amounted to 7.13 nm, indicating its mesoporosity. The catalytic activity of the AKC was examined via the thermal pyrolysis of DS. Effect of pyrolysis temperature (400-500 °C), catalyst loading (2.5-10.0 wt.%), pyrolysis period (30-120 min), and particle size of DS (0.25, 0.297, 0.4, 0.595, and 0.841 mm) on the pyrolysis products yield was investigated. The highest yield of pyrolytic liquid was produced at 425 °C for 1h using 2.5 wt.% of the AKC and 0.40 mm participle size of the feed. At these conditions, the pyrolytic liquid yield amounted to 60.64%. The analysis of the bio-oil (BO) fraction stripped from the pyrolytic liquid was achieved by FTIR spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis, which indicated that the BO fraction was mainly composed of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons. Results from the GC-MS analysis exhibited that hydrocarbons (48.28%), oxygenates (41.42%), aromatics (10.44%), and nitrogenates (2.13%) were the main components of the BO. Alkenes and n-alkanes were the main constituents of the hydrocarbon part of the BO, while acids were the main component of oxygenates. Non-catalytic thermal cracking of DS at the optimal conditions exhibited a lower pyrolytic liquid yield than the catalytic process. Finally, the fuel properties of the BO produced via catalytic pyrolysis of DS were superior to those measured for that produced by the thermal pyrolysis process.

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BTEX recovery from waste rubbers by catalytic pyrolysis over Zn loaded tire derived char

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Valorisation of spent tire rubber as carbon adsorbents for Pb(II) and W(VI) in the framework of a Circular Economy

Valorisation of spent tire rubber as carbon adsorbents for Pb(II) and W(VI) in the framework of a Circular Economy

On Fractioning the Tire Pyrolysis Oil in a Pilot-Scale Distillation Plant under Industrially Relevant Conditions

Pyrolysis of Date Stones Using Natural Activated Kaolin as a Catalyst – Optimization of Variables and Identification of Bio-Oil

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