BTEX exposure assessment and quantitative risk assessment among petroleum product distributors

Heibati, Behzad; Pollitt, Krystal J. Godri; Karimi, Ali; Charati, Jamshid Yazdani; Ducatman, Alan; Shokrzadeh, Mohammad; Mohammadyan, Mahmoud

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.055

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In larger industries, exposures were assigned to workers based on their tasks in relevant production units [24,[27][28][29]. In small workplaces, e.g., beauty salons [30,31], waterpipe cafés [32,33], and gas stations [34], stationary air monitoring was applied to estimate exposure during a work shift.…”

Section: Exposure Monitoring Studies Including Cancer Risk Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens and Occupational Epidemiological Cancer Studies in Iran: A Review

Hosseini

Hall

Zendehdel

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The extent of exposure to occupational carcinogens is not well characterized in Iran, and little is known about the burden of occupational cancer. Objectives: This study aimed to describe exposure to occupational carcinogens and occupational epidemiology studies in Iran. Methods: Relevant studies up to January 2021 in Iran were identified through three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Results: Forty-nine publications from 2009 to 2020 (one cohort, 11 case-control, 34 exposure monitoring studies, and three cancer burden studies) were included. The exposure monitoring studies were conducted mainly in the petroleum industry, metal industry, manufacturing of electronics, manufacturing of plastics, construction industry, and service industry. A few of the case-control studies also reported increased risk of cancers in relation to work in those industries. Conclusions: Occupational cancer epidemiology in Iran is at an early stage. Both epidemiological and exposure monitoring studies are generally limited in size to provide robust evidence of occupational cancer risks. A coherent strategy to estimate the occupational cancer burden in Iran should start with conducting epidemiological studies along with systematic monitoring of occupational carcinogens for use in hazard control and research.

show abstract

Section: Exposure Monitoring Studies Including Cancer Risk Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens and Occupational Epidemiological Cancer Studies in Iran: A Review

Hosseini

Hall

Zendehdel

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increased risk has been consistently demonstrated through identification of DNA or chromosomal damage [15][16][17], reduced white blood cell counts [18,19], and case control studies [20][21][22]. The raised occupational risk of developing haematological malignancies due to occupational benzene exposure has been observed across the upstream, midstream and downstream sectors of the petrochemical industry, notably incorporating studies of refineries [23][24][25][26], synthetic rubber manufacturing plants [27][28][29][30], petrochemical [31][32][33][34][35], and plastics manufacturing industries [21,36], as well as petroleum storage and distribution [37]. Accordingly, the World Health Organisation (WHO) [38] states that there are no safe levels of benzene exposure, associating it with an excess lifetime risk of leukaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of haematological malignancies in residents living near petrochemical facilities

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The petrochemical industry is a major source of hazardous and toxic air pollutants that are recognised to have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. A wealth of occupational epidemiology literature exists around the petrochemical industry, with adverse haematological effects identified in employees exposed to 'low' concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). Releases from the petrochemical industry are also thought to increase the risk of cancer incidence in fenceline communities. However, this emerging and at times inconclusive evidence base remains fragmented. The present study's aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association between incidences of haematological malignancy and residential exposure to the petrochemical industry. Methods: Epidemiological studies reporting the risk of haematological malignancies (Leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Multiple myeloma) were included where the following criteria were met: (i) Cancer incidence is diagnosed by a medical professional and coded in accordance to the International Classification of Diseases; (ii) A clear definition of fenceline communities is provided, indicating the proximity between exposed residents and petrochemical activities; and (iii) Exposure is representative of normal operating conditions, not emergency events. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics and outcomes in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals were pooled across studies for the four categories of haematological malignancy, using a random effects meta-analysis. Results: The systematic review identified 16 unique studies, which collectively record the incidence of haematological malignancies across 187,585 residents living close to a petrochemical operation. Residents from fenceline communities, less than 5 km from a petrochemical facility (refinery or manufacturer of commercial chemicals), had a 30% higher risk of developing Leukaemia than residents from communities with no petrochemical activity. Meanwhile, the association between exposure and rarer forms of haematological malignancy remains uncertain, with further research required. Conclusions: The risk of developing Leukaemia appears higher in individuals living near a petrochemical facility. This highlights the need for further policy to regulate the release of carcinogens by industry.

show abstract

“…With the increasing development of industrialization and globalization, many developing countries have achieved great growth in the production of petrochemical products. This expands the population of petrochemical workers potentially exposed to benzene [2]. Furthermore, occupational exposures are likely to occur at higher concentrations than those encountered in the general environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters in petrochemical workers: a cross-sectional study

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Ubiquitously distributed benzene is a known hematotoxin. Increasing evidence has suggested that erythroid-related hematologic parameters may be sensitive to benzene exposure. Fat content, which is also closely associated with erythroid-related hematologic parameters, may affect the distribution and/or metabolism of benzene, and eventually benzene-induced toxicity. Methods: To explore the influence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters, we recruited 1669 petrochemical workers and measured their urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) concentration and erythroid-related hematological parameters. Indices for fat content included body fat percentage (BF%), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and occurrence of fatty liver. Results: The dose-response curve revealed U-shaped nonlinear relationships of SPMA with hematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P-overall < 0.001, and P-nonlinear < 0.015), as well as positive linear associations and r-shaped nonlinear relationships of continuous fat content indices with erythroid-related hematological parameters (P-overall ≤0.005). We also observed modification effects of fat content on the associations between benzene exposure and erythroid-related hematological parameters, with workers of lower or higher BF% and TG more sensitive to benzene-induced elevation of MCHC (P interaction = 0.021) and benzene-induced decrease of HCT (P interaction = 0.050), respectively. We also found that some erythroid-related hematologic parameters differed between subgroups of workers with different SPMA levels and fat content combination.

show abstract

BTEX exposure assessment and quantitative risk assessment among petroleum product distributors

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens and Occupational Epidemiological Cancer Studies in Iran: A Review

Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens and Occupational Epidemiological Cancer Studies in Iran: A Review

A systematic review and meta-analysis of haematological malignancies in residents living near petrochemical facilities

Influence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters in petrochemical workers: a cross-sectional study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About