BTEX emissions from flex fuel motorcycles

Macedo, Valéria C.; Daemme, Luiz Carlos; Penteado, Renato; Motta, Heloísa N. da; Corrêa, Sérgio Machado

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2017.05.006

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is due to the lower aromatic content and fuel-bound oxygen of ethanol, which enhances the hydrocarbon oxidation and olefins process. 144,145 The other mono-aromatic emissions like alkanes, alkenes are found to be lowered for ethanol blends in FFV. This is attributed to converting intermediate species like alkanes, alkenes into aldehydes.…”

Section: Particulates Ghg Carbonyls and Vocsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As similar to particulates, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) shows a significant reduction with higher ethanol blends in FFV. This is due to the lower aromatic content and fuel‐bound oxygen of ethanol, which enhances the hydrocarbon oxidation and olefins process 144,145 . The other mono‐aromatic emissions like alkanes, alkenes are found to be lowered for ethanol blends in FFV.…”

Section: Flexible Fuel Vehicle Output Characteristics Under Transient...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Azhaganathan

Ashok

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Ethanol‐powered spark ignition (SI) engines have the potential to mitigate the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and exhaust emissions. However, the successful promotion of ethanol is hindered due to the restriction of fuel blend diversity and design features in the conventional SI engine. The fuel flexibility can be overcome by the use of flex‐fuel engine (FFE) technology with appropriate changes in engine design features for a wide range of ethanol blends. The understanding of FFE based on various technical aspects has greater potential in the automotive sector. Therefore, this review paper provides a holistic approach to critically analyze the various technical aspects of FFE. In this work, the application of ethanol blends on FFE output characteristics is reviewed critically considering the effects of engine operating conditions and parameters. Further, the impact of ethanol blends on material compatibility, cold starting characteristics, and unregulated emissions are analyzed. The outcome of the study shows that combustion and performance characteristics such as cylinder pressure(CP), heat release rate (HRR), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are improved in FFE operation due to the clean‐burning characteristics of ethanol blends. Also, carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased without any significant improvement in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions with a wide range of ethanol shares in FFE. Finally, this study summarizes the present status of research in FFE and creates a route towards the direction of multidisciplinary research need in the future that supports the application of different types of biofuels in FFE.

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Section: Particulates Ghg Carbonyls and Vocsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Flexible Fuel Vehicle Output Characteristics Under Transient...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Azhaganathan

Ashok

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…The contents of each cartridge were transferred to a 2-mL vial and added to 1000 μL of dichloromethane at − 20 °C. The flasks were capped with septum caps, placed in an ultrasonic bath for 20 min, and then allowed to rest for 1 h (Correa et al, 2012 ; Corrêa and Arbilla, 2007 , 2006 ; Daemme, 2016a ; Daemme, 2016b ; Garcia et al, 2013 ; Macedo et al, 2017 ; Martins et al, 2016 , 2007 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust emissions of gaseous and particle size-segregated water-soluble organic compounds from diesel-biodiesel blends

Evtyugina

Gonçalves

Alves

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study assessed the emissions of gaseous pollutants and particle size distributed water-soluble organics (WSO) from a diesel vehicle fuelled with ultralow sulphur diesel (B0) and 10 (B10), 20 (B20), and 30% (B30) biodiesel blends in a chassis dynamometer tested under transient mode. Particulate emission sampling was carried out in an ultraviolet (UV) test chamber using a 10-stage impactor. Samples were grouped into three size fractions and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Increasing the biofuel ratio up to 30% in the fuel reduced WSO emissions by 20.9% in comparison with conventional diesel. Organic acids accounted for 82–89% of WSO in all tested fuels. Dicarboxylic acids were the most abundant compound class, followed by hydroxy, aromatic, and linear alkanoic acids. Correlations between compounds demonstrated that adding biodiesel to diesel fuel reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), methane (CH4), total and nonmethane hydrocarbons (THC and NMHC), and dicarboxylic and hydroxy acids, but increases emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and alkanoic and aromatic acids. Emissions of dicarboxylic and hydroxy acids were strongly correlated with the biodiesel content. WSO emissions of coarse and fine (1.0–10 μm) particles decreased with the increasing biofuel content in fuel blend. The total share of ultrafine (0.18–1.0 μm) and nanoparticles (< 0.18 μm) increased in WSOs emissions from B20 and B30 blends, when compared with petrodiesel. The biodiesel content also affected the chemical profile of WSO size fractions.

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“…Generally, BTEX compounds are found in the atmosphere of urban and industrial centers. Among the main sources of these compounds are industrial emissions and petroleum refining, handling solvents, vehicle emissions, distribution and storage of gasoline and losses due to fuel evaporation (BUCZYNSKA et al, 2009;KHODER, 2007;MACEDO et al, 2017;LATIF et al, 2019). However, the presence of BTEX compounds is not restricted to the urban and industrial centers, it occurs significantly in occupational environments, such as gas stations.…”

Section: Capter 177mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a chemical desorption method for determination of BTEX in ambient air from gas stations using gas chromatography

Santos¹,

Teixeira²

2023

Development and Its Applications in Scientific Knowledge

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Air pollution has caused damage to human health resulting from simple irritations and morbidity in the work to the development of cancer. An analytical method was developed to determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene and o-xylene (BTEX) concentrations in samples of ambient air of gas stations by active sampling on adsorbent tubes containing activated charcoal followed by chemical desorption and analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Tests were done using various solvents in order to verify the recovery rate (RR) of each one of them. So, tests indicated that dichloromethane presented the best results of RR, with values above 75% of extraction of BTEX compounds. Sampling was performed in ambient air of gas stations located in Amargosa city in Bahia. The concentrations found in ambient air from gas stations ranged from 16.9 to 44.5 μg m-3 for benzene; 39.9 to 247 μg m-3 for toluene; 15.6 to 29.4 μg m-3 for ethylbenzene; 12.7 to 68.5 μg m-3 for m-xylene; 13.7 to 63.3 μg m-3 for p-xylene and 13.0 to 42.2 μg m-3 for o-xylene. The results obtained in this proposed method were compared with the results obtained in a comparative method using thermal desorption and showed no significant differences, confirming the validity of the method. The concentrations of the compounds found in this study are classified not carcinogenic to humans by RN (Regulatory Norm) - 15 from the Ministry of Labour and Employment in Brazil, with the exception of benzene.

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BTEX emissions from flex fuel motorcycles

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Exhaust emissions of gaseous and particle size-segregated water-soluble organic compounds from diesel-biodiesel blends

Development and application of a chemical desorption method for determination of BTEX in ambient air from gas stations using gas chromatography

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