Bt crops and food security in developing countries: realised benefits, sustainable use and lowering barriers to adoption

Raybould, Alan; Quemada, Hector

doi:10.1007/s12571-010-0066-3

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the results in those laboratory tests are more conservative than studies conducted under Þeld conditions, and may better support the risk assessment because they provide robust data about the lack of toxicity of a test compound to a NTO (Duan et al 2010;Raybould 2007;Romeis et al, 2010). In addition, Tier-1 laboratory testing also allows general conclusions about the susceptibility of the test species to the toxins independent of the test crop varieties, thus the data can be expanded to other GE crops expressing the same toxin (Romeis et al 2006, Raybould andQuemada 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Ostrem

Romeis

et al. 2011

env. entom.

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To assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances on the predacious ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, a Tier-1 laboratory testing system was developed. Artificial diets using shrimp eggs were developed, and a tier-1 bioassay examining C. maculata development and survival was designed based on those diets. To further measure the artificial diet in a Tier-1 testing system, larvae of C. maculata were fed the diet treated with different concentrations of an inorganic stomach poison, potassium arsenate (PA), or a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The results demonstrated that the testing system was capable of detecting the dietary effects of both substances on the survival and development ofC. maculata. With increasing concentrations of PA in the diet, fewer larvae developed to adults, with only 22.7% larvae surviving to the adult stage in the treatment with the highest content of PA (32 µg/g of diet). Likewise, dose-dependent responses also were found for other life-table parameters of C. maculata. Similar to the assays with PA, the survival rates of C. maculata consistently decreased with increasing E-64 content in the diet. Survival analysis showed that the insects fed E-64 at 50, 150, and 450 µg/g in the diet had significantly lower survival rates compared with those on the untreated artificial diet. The study presented here describes a robust testing system that will be useful for assessing the potential hazard (or toxicity) effects after dietary exposure of insecticidal compounds produced by GE plants or conventional insecticides on the ladybird predator, C. maculata. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ABSTRACT To assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances on the predacious ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, a Tier-1 laboratory testing system was developed. ArtiÞcial diets using shrimp eggs were developed, and a tier-1 bioassay examining C. maculata development and survival was designed based on those diets. To further measure the artiÞcial diet in a Tier-1 testing system, larvae of C. maculata were fed the diet treated with different concentrations of an inorganic stomach poison, potassium arsenate (PA), or a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The results demonstrated that the testing system was capable of detecting the dietary effects of both substances on the survival and development of C. maculata. With increasing concentrations of PA in the diet, fewer larvae developed to adults, with only 22.7% larvae surviving to the adult stage in the treatment with the highest content of PA (32 g/g of diet). Likewise, dose-dependent responses also were found for other life-table parameters of C. maculata. Similar to the assays with PA, the survival rates of C. maculata consistently decreased with increasing E-64 content in the die...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Ostrem

Romeis

et al. 2011

env. entom.

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“…We also need to increase awareness of the environmental and health benefits of GE crops, which are rarely discussed in the media, such as reduced pesticide and fossil fuel usage in agriculture, reduced mycotoxin levels, and reduced exposure to toxic agrochemicals (Raybould and Quemada 2010;Sanahuja et al 2011). For example, the planting of Bt cotton has reduced pesticide applications by 50 % in India, avoiding up to 9 million poisoning incidents and saving $51 million (Kouser and Qiam 2011).…”

Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of transgenic plants to better health through improved nutrition: opportunities and constraints

et al. 2012

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Malnutrition is a prevalent and entrenched global socioeconomic challenge that reflects the combined impact of poverty, poor access to food, inefficient food distribution infrastructure, and an over-reliance on subsistence mono-agriculture. The dependence on staple cereals lacking many essential nutrients means that malnutrition is endemic in developing countries. Most individuals lack diverse diets and are therefore exposed to nutrient deficiencies. Plant biotechnology could play a major role in combating malnutrition through the engineering of nutritionally enhanced crops. In this article, we discuss different approaches that can enhance the nutritional content of staple crops by genetic engineering (GE) as well as the functionality and safety assessments required before nutritionally enhanced GE crops can be deployed in the field. We also consider major constraints that hinder the adoption of GE technology at different levels and suggest policies that could be adopted to accelerate the deployment of nutritionally enhanced GE crops within a multicomponent strategy to combat malnutrition.

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“…Cry1Ab and similar proteins, have been used extensively in transgenic crops worldwide, providing benefits to farmers, consumers and the environment in developed and developing countries. 14,28,86 The environmental and health risks from crops producing Cry1Ab are well characterized and negligible 18,62 and the data from which those conclusions are drawn are, in general, applicable to Bt cowpea; therefore, a preliminary assessment of Bt cowpea is that it too poses negligible risk.…”

Section: Summary-potential For Target Pest Populations To Evolve Resimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The panel concluded that wild cowpea currently has low literature, stakeholders, the developers of the technology and, importantly, expert opinion. 19 Although protection goals are based on the social, cultural, economic and environmental objectives of a particular country, 28 there are some general environmental attributes, such as biodiversity and agricultural sustainability, that are routinely assessed worldwide for risks posed by insectresistant GM crops. The means by which these crops could harm these attributes include: (i) gene flow to wild relatives, (ii) the potential effects on non-target organisms (NTOs) (primarily arthropods) and (iii) insect resistance management (IRM).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment Of Bt-expressing cowpea in Africa

Huesing¹,

Romeis²,

Ellstrand³

et al. 2011

GM Crops

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Bt crops and food security in developing countries: realised benefits, sustainable use and lowering barriers to adoption

Cited by 44 publications

References 98 publications

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

The contribution of transgenic plants to better health through improved nutrition: opportunities and constraints

Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment Of Bt-expressing cowpea in Africa

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