Bruising on Blush and Non-Blush Sides in Apple-to-Apple Impacts

Studman, C.J.; Brown, G. K.; Timm, E. J.; Schulte, N. L.; Vreede, M. J.

doi:10.13031/2013.21405

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This was seen after peeling back the skin on the apples tested here and has been noted before in previous investigations of dynamic apple-to-apple contacts [24,25]. For apple specimen 4, just considering the area of contact at yield would bring the threshold load up to around 80N, so clearly using the contact area would give a very conservative estimate.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

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Characterising pressure and bruising in apple fruit

Lewis

Yoxall

Marshall

et al. 2008

Wear

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A large percentage of apples are wasted each year due to damage such as bruising. The apple journey from orchard to supermarket is very complex and apples are subjected to a variety of static and dynamic loads that could result in this damage occurring. The aim of this work was to use a novel ultrasonic technique to study apple contact areas and stresses under static loading that may occur, for example, in bulk storage bins used during harvesting. These results were used to identify load thresholds above which unacceptable damage occurs. They were also used to validate output from a finite element model, which will ultimately be developed into a packaging design tool to help reduce the likelihood of apple damage occurring.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Previous work on apple-to-apple contacts [24,25] has shown that measured surface areas may be up to 25% higher than the actual bruise area. In this work, the level of damage is probably better reflected by the area at peak contact pressure.…”

Section: Contact Areas and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterising pressure and bruising in apple fruit

Lewis

Yoxall

Marshall

et al. 2008

Wear

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For the same energy levels, bruising volume for compression is 40 % higher than impact (Holt and Schoorl, 1982). Bruising may be intensified by some other factors such as texture, variety, maturity stage, water content, fruit shape, temperature, firmness, size, and a series of fruit interior factors such as modulus of elasticity, strength of cell walls, internal structure, and cell shape (Studman et al, 1997;Van Lindeh et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Damage Of Strawberry During Harvest And Postharvest Operations

Aliasgarian

Ghassemzadeh

Moghaddam

et al. 2015

Acta Technologica Agriculturae

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Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit with a limited harvesting period. Because of high susceptibility to mechanical damage, strawberry has a small postharvest life. In this research, an experiment was designed to study the mechanical damage phenomena in strawberry during the harvest and postharvest operations together with some physical properties of strawberry. Influences of some other factors such as variety, fruit position in the box as well as box position on the truck were also investigated. Results indicated that the variety, operation stage, fruit position in the box, and box position on the truck, had significant effects on the extent of the fruits' mechanical damage. Maximum damage index was related to picking stage. The variety Gaviota showed more susceptibility to mechanical damage than Selva. The maximum damage occurred at the bottom rows in the boxes. Furthermore, it was observed that the higher the position of a box on the truck, the more the susceptibility of fruits would be to mechanical damage.

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“…Wilson et al, 1999 reported that detrimental effect of mechanical injury is not restricted to visual aspects but higher risk of bacterial and fungal contamination leading to a lower shelf life. Studman (1997) reported that apple bruising can result in product losses up to 50%, although typically loss levels are in the 10-5% range, depending on consumer awareness. Bruising is the major postharvest mechanical damage problem during fruit transport and handling.…”

Section: Fruit Damage (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Packaging Method for Transportation of Apple in CFB Boxes

Subedi¹,

Gautam²,

Baral³

et al. 2017

ijh

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Apple fruits experience a variety of conditions in the supply chain which causes mechanical damages, scaring, and bruising and ultimately reduce the quality and shelf life of the product. Studies were carried out for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) to identify the appropriate packaging method for minimization of transportation loss. Different Packaging methods were evaluated for assessing damage that occurs during transport. Red Delicious apple fruits harvested on 3rd week of September from HRS, Jumla, Nepal were transported to Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal (215 km mountainous gravel road, 48 hours) in 5 Ply 160 PSI bursting strength CFB boxes with the following treatments; fruits with full stalk and with trimmed stalk, separated inside CFB boxes with deck plate and all together, individual fruits wrapped with styrofoam and no wrapping, and with 8 ventilation hole in CFB box and without ventilation hole. The CFB boxes were sealed and loaded randomly; stacked in 4 layers inside the truck after spreading of HDPE tarpaulin at the base and shipped to Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. To find out the effect of packaging method as it may not be apparent immediately the fruits were stored at 5±1℃ and 95% RH for one month. After storage, observations were made on physiological loss in weight (PLW), total damage, acceptable and unacceptable damage, fruit quality and economic analysis. The result revealed that all the treatments imposed reduced PLW; percent damaged fruits and maintained better quality. Among different treatment combinations, wrapping of stalk trimmed individual fruits in ventilated CFB box separated in layers with deck plate was found the best method. Damaged fruits were reduced to 3.8% as compared to 18.2% in ordinary packaging.

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Bruising on Blush and Non-Blush Sides in Apple-to-Apple Impacts

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Characterising pressure and bruising in apple fruit

Characterising pressure and bruising in apple fruit

Mechanical Damage Of Strawberry During Harvest And Postharvest Operations

Evaluation of Packaging Method for Transportation of Apple in CFB Boxes

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