Bruchid beetle ovipositioning mediated defense responses in black gram pods

Abstract

Background Black gram [Vigna mungo (L)] seeds are a rich source of digestible protein and dietary fibre, both for human and animal consumption. However, the quality and quantity of the Vigna seeds are severely affected by bruchid beetles during storage. Therefore, analyses of the expression of the bruchid induced transcript dynamics in black gram pods would be helpful to understand the underlying defense mechanism against bruchid oviposition. Results We used the RNAseq approach to survey the changes in transcript profile in the developing seeds of a moderately resistant cultivar IC-8219 against bruchid oviposition using a susceptible cultivar T-9 as a control. A total of 96,084,600 and 99,532,488 clean reads were generated from eight (4 each) samples of IC-8219 and T-9 cultivar, respectively. Based on the BLASTX search against the NR database, 32,584 CDSs were generated of which 31,817 CDSs were significantly similar to Vigna radiata, a close relative of Vigna mungo. The IC-8219 cultivar had 630 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which 304 and 326 genes up and down-regulated, respectively. However, in the T-9 cultivar, only 168 DEGs were identified of which 142 and 26 genes up and down-regulated, respectively. The expression analyses of 10 DEGs by qPCR confirmed the accuracy of the RNA-Seq data. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses helped us to better understand the role of these DEGs in oviposition mediated defense response of black gram. In both the cultivars, the most significant transcriptomic changes in response to the oviposition were related to the induction of defense response genes, transcription factors, secondary metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, and signal transduction pathways. It appears that the bruchid ovipositioning mediated defense response in black gram is induced by SA signaling pathways and defense genes such as defensin, genes for secondary metabolites, and enzyme inhibitors could be potential candidates for resistance to bruchids. Conclusion We generated a transcript profile of immature black gram pods upon bruchid ovipositioning by de novo assembly and studied the underlying defense mechanism of a moderately resistant cultivar.

Transcriptomic Landscape of Herbivore Oviposition in Arabidopsis: A Systematic Review

“…The function of nucleotide metabolism changes due to arthropod oviposition remains as well unclear. Although, it could involve the activation of nucleic acid repair mechanisms or the use of nucleotides as signaling molecules or as metabolic intermediaries (Büchel et al, 2012;Das et al, 2021). An interesting response was found related to cell wall alterations on both species, especially toward later time points.…”

Genetic analysis reveals three novel QTLs underpinning a butterfly egg-induced hypersensitive response-like cell death in Brassica rapa

“…These responses were shown to be dependent on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), ISOCHORISMATE SYN-THASE 1/SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (ICS1/SID2) and, partially, NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1 (NPR1), which are known signaling components of plant defense responses against biotrophic pathogens [26]. Transcriptomic studies in different plants species have confirmed that insect oviposition induces genes associated with SA-and ROS-mediated immune responses and PR1 gene expression [15,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33], including in B. nigra and B. rapa [21,34,35]. Further, it has been suggested that there is a conserved transcriptional response amongst different plant-insect egg interactions [36].…”

Genome-wide Association Study for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Diverse Blackgram Panel (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Reveals Novel Putative Alleles for Future Breeding Programs

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