Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle and Goats in Northern Ecuador

Poulsen, Keith P.; Hutchins, Frank; McNulty, Chase M.; Tremblay, Marlène; Zabala, Carmen; Barragán, Verónica; López, L Lupe; Trueba, Gabriel; Bethel, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0362

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…abortus is a source of important economic losses and human health suffering [ 17 , 20 ]. Within this perspective, it seems that the brucellosis conditions prevailing in CR are not unique, and other regions in Latin America display similar vaccination strategies and epidemiological profiles [ 54 – 56 ]. Therefore, our findings are relevant within a broadest context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Costa Rica: Lessons learned from failures in the control of the disease

et al. 2017

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Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus is a major disease of cattle and a zoonosis. In order to estimate the bovine brucellosis prevalence in Costa Rica (CR), a total 765 herds (13078 bovines) from six regions of CR were randomly sampled during 2012–2013. A non-random sample of 7907 herds (532199 bovines) of the six regions, arriving for diagnoses during 2014–2016 to the Costa Rican Animal Health Service was also studied. The prevalence estimated by Rose Bengal test (RBT) ranged from 10.5%-11.4%; alternatively, the prevalence estimated by testing the RBT positives in iELISA, ranged from 4.1%-6.0%, respectively. However, cattle in CR are not vaccinated with B. abortus S19 but with RB51 (vaccination coverage close to 11%), and under these conditions the RBT displays 99% specificity and 99% sensitivity. Therefore, the RBT herd depicted in the random analysis stands as a feasible assessment and then, the recommended value in case of planning an eradication program in CR. Studies of three decades reveled that bovine brucellosis prevalence has increased in CR. B. abortus was identified by biochemical and molecular studies as the etiological agent of bovine brucellosis. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis-16 revealed four B. abortus clusters. Cluster one and three are intertwined with isolates from other countries, while clusters two and four have only representatives from CR. Cluster one is widely distributed in all regions of the country and may be the primary B. abortus source. The other clusters seem to be restricted to specific areas in CR. The implications of our findings, in relation to the control of the disease in CR, are critically discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Costa Rica: Lessons learned from failures in the control of the disease

et al. 2017

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“…em rebanhos. 13,[22][23][24] Os surtos de brucelose humana transmitidos por alimentos são comuns em todo o mundo. 25,26 Também no Brasil foi observada a associação significativa (p <0,05) entre as pessoas testadas positivas para brucelose e a ingestão de leite cru ou seus derivados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Occurrence of Brucella in Minas artisanal cheese of Serro micro-region: an important public health problem

Silva¹,

Duch²,

Lage³

et al. 2018

Revista Médica De Minas Gerais

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Introdução: O modo de fabricar o queijo Minas artesanal (QMA) na microrregião do Serro foi considerado patrimônio histórico imaterial da humanidade desde 2008. Mesmo produzido a partir de leite cru a sua comercialização foi autorizada. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de Brucella spp. no QMA da microrregião do Serro. Métodos: Foram avaliadas as evidências do patógeno (presença de DNA) em queijos de produtores cadastrados pelo Instituto Mineiro de Agricultura e Pecuária (IMA), com tempos de maturação de 4 e 8 dias à temperatura ambiente. Resultados: Embora todas as amostras de queijo fossem de bovinos declarados negativos para brucelose por testes sorológicos anuais realizados por veterinários autônomos, os resultados da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) mostraram 17 (30,9%, IC95% 18,7% a 43,1%) de amostras de QMA positivas para Brucella spp. entre os 55 analisados. O sequenciamento de DNA demonstrou uma similaridade de 100% com as cepas de campo de Brucella ssp. Conclusões: Essa positividade no QMA pode ser considerada um risco potencial à saúde pública e sugere uma suposta deficiência do programa local de controle da brucelose no monitoramento dessa população específica de rebanhos leiteiros e que medidas mais fortes de controle e prevenção da brucelose devem ser adotadas em agroindústrias produtoras de leite cru a fim de garantir a segurança do alimento.

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“…Today, B . melitensis is endemic in some regions of Mexico, Peru, and Argentina [ 28 ] and has also been reported in Ecuador and Venezuela [ 41 , 48 ]. Caprine brucellosis is apparently absent in Central America, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil, although this epidemiological situation is not confirmed [ 129 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caprine brucellosis: A historically neglected disease with significant impact on public health

2017

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Caprine brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the gram-negative cocci-bacillus Brucella melitensis. Middle- to late-term abortion, stillbirths, and the delivery of weak offspring are the characteristic clinical signs of the disease that is associated with an extensive negative impact in a flock’s productivity. B. melitensis is also the most virulent Brucella species for humans, responsible for a severely debilitating and disabling illness that results in high morbidity with intermittent fever, chills, sweats, weakness, myalgia, abortion, osteoarticular complications, endocarditis, depression, anorexia, and low mortality. Historical observations indicate that goats have been the hosts of B. melitensis for centuries; but around 1905, the Greek physician Themistokles Zammit was able to build the epidemiological link between “Malta fever” and the consumption of goat milk. While the disease has been successfully managed in most industrialized countries, it remains a significant burden on goat and human health in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Central and Southeast Asia (including India and China), sub-Saharan Africa, and certain areas in Latin America, where approximately 3.5 billion people live at risk. In this review, we describe a historical evolution of the disease, highlight the current worldwide distribution, and estimate (by simple formula) the approximate costs of brucellosis outbreaks to meat- and milk-producing farms and the economic losses associated with the disease in humans. Successful control leading to eradication of caprine brucellosis in the developing world will require a coordinated Global One Health approach involving active involvement of human and animal health efforts to enhance public health and improve livestock productivity.

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Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle and Goats in Northern Ecuador

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Costa Rica: Lessons learned from failures in the control of the disease

Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Costa Rica: Lessons learned from failures in the control of the disease

Occurrence of Brucella in Minas artisanal cheese of Serro micro-region: an important public health problem

Caprine brucellosis: A historically neglected disease with significant impact on public health

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