Brucella

Ashford, Roland T.; Whatmore, Adrian M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83217-9_11

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Results from the same samples using PCR derived from the IS711 element had significantly inferior DSn, 22.8% (DSp 99.7%) a result that was incorrectly attributed to B. canis having a low copy number of the targeted region. B. canis has been reported to have six IS711 copies per genome [ 30 , 37 ], which is significantly greater than the single copies available for most other targets (although there will also be multiple copies of 16s targets per cell), and PCR (especially real time PCR) based on alternative primers derived from this target have been reported as having superior sensitivity [ 30 ].…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn

Djokic,

Freddi,

de Massis

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The zoonotic bacteria, Brucella canis , is becoming the leading cause of canine brucellosis in Europe. In dogs, it causes reproductive problems as well as non-specific lameness or discospondilitis. In humans, B. canis can be origin of chronic debilitating conditions characteristic to its genus such as undulant fever, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Although B. canis shows some pathogenic characteristics similar to B. abortus and B. melitensis , it lacks surface O-polysaccharide, like nonzoonotic B. ovis . This review shows that host– B. canis interactions are still poorly understood, with many knowledge and capability gaps, causing relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic tools. Currently, there is no vaccine for this rough Brucella species. Besides, antimicrobial therapy does not guarantee bacterial elimination, and infection relapses are frequently reported, increasing the risks of antibiotic resistance development. B. canis has been detected in dogs in almost all European countries which increased human exposure, but currently there is no systematic surveillance. Moreover, B. canis caused brucellosis is not included in Animal Health Law, and therefore there is no legal framework to tackle this emerging infectious disease. To map out the diagnostic strategies, identify risks for human infections and propose management scheme for infected pet and kennel dogs, we present current understanding of canine B. canis caused brucellosis, outline major knowledge gaps and propose future steps. To address and highlight challenges veterinary and public health services encounter in Europe, we developed two B. canis infection scenarios: of a single household pet and of a kennel dog in larger group.

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Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn

Djokic,

Freddi,

de Massis

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…Developments in molecular typing have contributed to current understanding of the global population structure of Brucella spp. organisms and of local disease epidemiology ( Whatmore and Foster, 2021 ; Ashford and Whatmore, 2022 ). Two methods, in particular, have been applied to explore genetic relationships between Brucella species, and relate these to the geographic origin of strains; multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole genome sequencing (WGS) methods are increasingly being applied to describe relationships between Brucella strains, either replacing established molecular typing techniques or augmenting studies based on existing approaches (e.g., MLST) and extracting these data in silico ( Whatmore and Foster, 2021 ; Ashford and Whatmore, 2022 ). Ledwaba et al (2021) reported B. abortus isolates from various regions of South Africa, using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (wgSNPs) to describe relationships with publicly available genomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing of Ethiopian Brucella abortus isolates expands the known diversity of an early branching sub-Saharan African lineage

et al. 2023

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Brucellosis remains one of the most significant zoonotic diseases globally, responsible for both considerable human morbidity and economic losses due to its impacts on livestock productivity. Despite this, there remain significant evidence gaps in many low- and middle-income countries, including those of sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report the first molecular characterisation of Brucella sp. from Ethiopia. Fifteen Brucella sp. isolates from an outbreak in cattle from a herd in central Ethiopia were identified as Brucella abortus, using bacterial culture and molecular methods. Sequencing of the Ethiopian B. abortus isolates allowed their phylogenetic comparison with 411 B. abortus strains of diverse geographical origins, using whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (wgSNP). The Ethiopian isolates belonged to an early-branching lineage (Lineage A) previously only represented by data from two strains, both of sub-Saharan African origin (Kenya and Mozambique). A second B. abortus lineage (Lineage B), also comprised solely of strains originating from sub-Saharan Africa, was identified. The majority of strains belonged to one of two lineages of strains originating from a much broader geographical range. Further analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) expanded the number of B. abortus strains available for comparison with the Ethiopian isolates and were consistent with the findings from wgSNP analysis. MLST profiles of the Ethiopian isolates expanded the sequence type (ST) diversity of the early branching lineage of B. abortus, equivalent to wgSNP Lineage A. A more diverse cluster of STs, equivalent to wgSNP Lineage B, was comprised solely of strains originating from sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, analysis of B. abortus MLVA profiles (n = 1891) confirmed that the Ethiopian isolates formed a unique cluster, similar to only two existing strains, and distinct from the majority of other strains of sub-Saharan African origin. These findings expand the known diversity of an under-represented lineage of B. abortus and suggest a potential evolutionary origin for the species in East Africa. In addition to providing information concerning Brucella species extant within Ethiopia this work serves as the basis for further studies on the global population structure and evolutionary history of a major zoonotic pathogen.

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Molecular characterization of zoonotic Brucella species isolated from animal and human samples in Iran

et al. 2022

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Brucella

Cited by 4 publications

References 109 publications

The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn

The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn

Whole genome sequencing of Ethiopian Brucella abortus isolates expands the known diversity of an early branching sub-Saharan African lineage

Molecular characterization of zoonotic Brucella species isolated from animal and human samples in Iran

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