Browse Plants Yield Best in Forest Openings

Halls, Lowell K.; Alcaniz, R.

doi:10.2307/3798256

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In our study, pulp mass and fruit producing species richness did not differ between regeneration harvests and both hardwood forest types, upland hardwoods and bottomland hardwoods; this was likely because of the high spatial and temporal variability in fruit production and species producing fruit in regeneration harvests compared to upland hardwoods and bottomland hardwoods over the 9‐year study period. Other studies also showed increased fruit production in recently harvested pine plantation (e.g., Halls and Alcaniz 1968, Johnson and Landers 1978, Campo and Hurst 1980, Stransky and Roese 1984) and other recently disturbed forest types (see Greenberg et al 2011), and that the suite of species producing the most fruit changed with stand maturation and canopy closure (Johnson and Landers 1978, Greenberg et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long‐term patterns of fruit production in five forest types of the South Carolina upper coastal plain

et al. 2012

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Fleshy fruit is a key food resource for many vertebrates and may be particularly important energy source to birds during fall migration and winter. Hence, land managers should know how fruit availability varies among forest types, seasons, and years. We quantified fleshy fruit abundance monthly for 9 years (1995–2003) in 56 0.1‐ha plots in 5 forest types of South Carolina's upper Coastal Plain, USA. Forest types were mature upland hardwood and bottomland hardwood forest, mature closed‐canopy loblolly (Pinus taeda) and longleaf pine (P. palustris) plantation, and recent clearcut regeneration harvests planted with longleaf pine seedlings. Mean annual number of fruits and dry fruit pulp mass were highest in regeneration harvests (264,592 ± 37,444 fruits; 12,009 ± 2,392 g/ha), upland hardwoods (60,769 ± 7,667 fruits; 5,079 ± 529 g/ha), and bottomland hardwoods (65,614 ± 8,351 fruits; 4,621 ± 677 g/ha), and lowest in longleaf pine (44,104 ± 8,301 fruits; 4,102 ± 877 g/ha) and loblolly (39,532 ± 5,034 fruits; 3,261 ± 492 g/ha) plantations. Fruit production was initially high in regeneration harvests and declined with stand development and canopy closure (1995–2003). Fruit availability was highest June–September and lowest in April. More species of fruit‐producing plants occurred in upland hardwoods, bottomland hardwoods, and regeneration harvests than in loblolly and longleaf pine plantations. Several species produced fruit only in 1 or 2 forest types. In sum, fruit availability varied temporally and spatially because of differences in species composition among forest types and age classes, patchy distributions of fruiting plants both within and among forest types, fruiting phenology, high inter‐annual variation in fruit crop size by some dominant fruit‐producing species, and the dynamic process of disturbance‐adapted species colonization and decline, or recovery in recently harvested stands. Land managers could enhance fruit availability for wildlife by creating and maintaining diverse forest types and age classes. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long‐term patterns of fruit production in five forest types of the South Carolina upper coastal plain

et al. 2012

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“…Although the adenosine deaminase activity associated with the serum normally used to supplement tissue culture media can be minimized by prolonged thermal inactivation (9), or through the use of a variety of adenosine deaminase inhibitors (10), a cell line devoid of adenosine deaminase activity has not been described. We describe in this report an established line of mammalian cells (B-mix K-44/6) totally lacking detectable adenosine deaminase activity.…”

Section: Absence Of Adenosine Deaminase Activity In a Mammalian Cell mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance and the Dispersal of Fleshy Fruits

Thompson

Willson

1978

Science

138

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Fruits of Prunus serotina, Phytolacca americana, and Vitis vulpina were placed during separate trials in forest sites that varied in the degree to which the forest canopy was disturbed. Removal rates of fruits were consistently faster in the forest edge and light gap sites than in sites under closed canopy. Rapid removal of fruits from species that ripen fruit in summer and early fall is selectively advantageous to the plants because it minimizes the probability that fruits will be destroyed by invertebrates before dispersal. Disturbances probably play an important role in interactions between temperate fruits and birds and in community organization.

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“…In managed forests, regimes of clearance and subsequent regeneration provoke an increase in the availability of browse and cover in early seral stages, which declines when the tree canopy closes over (Halls and Alcaniz, 1968;Irwin and Peek, 1983;Gill et al, 1996;Partl et al, 2002). Succession from early regeneration stages to mature forest has been shown, in an English coniferous woodland, to result in a decline in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) numbers after a decline in browse supply (Gill et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%