Brown Seaweed (Padina australis) Extract can Promote Performance, Innate Immune Responses, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Gene Expression and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

Eight-week oral administration of Padina australis ethyl acetate extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diets was assessed on the growth performance, tight junction proteins, intestinal immunity, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 300 healthy common carp weighing around 14.8 ± 0.03 g were randomly assigned into four equal groups within 12 glass aquariums, each in three replicates (25 fish/tank), for the feeding trial experiment. The first group served as the control group and was fed an un-supplemented diet, whilst the other three groups were offered diets containing graded amounts of Padina australis ethyl acetate extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The growth indices, including final weight, length, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, were meaningfully improved in fish fed with the algae at 200 and 400 mg/kg compared to the control fish (p < 0.05). Similarly, digestive enzyme activities and serum immune parameters were significantly higher in all treatments, especially 200 and 400 mg/kg fed groups, compared to the control (p < 0.05). In parallel, significant upregulation of genes related to integrity and the immune system was shown in the intestine of these treatment groups compared to control fish (p < 0.05). When fish were challenged with A. hydrophila, the cumulative survival percentages were 53.3% (p = 0.215), 70.0 % (p = 0.009), and 76.7% (p = 0.002) in fish fed 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diets, respectively, compared to 36.7% survival in control fish (p = 0.134). These data show that the eight-week dietary administration of P. australis extract to common carp can enhance growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and disease resistance to A. hydrophila infection.

Seaweed processing for feed

“…newly weaned piglets, broilers, and fish. Moreover, in young piglets and in fish, beneficial effects of seaweed components on immunological parameters, gut morphology and gut health have been observed (Heim et al, 2014;Ribeiro et al, 2022;Sheikhzadeh et al, 2022).…”

Peluang dan Tantangan Pengembangan Bioteknologi Melalui Pemanfaatan Makroalga Laut sebagai Imunostimulan dalam Mendukung Akuakultur Berkelanjutan

“…Pemberian polisakarida dari Padina sp. pada pakan ikan nila dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel darah putih dan aktivitas fagositik pada ikan (Sheikhzadeh et al, 2022).…”

“…Senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam makroalga memiliki kemampuan untuk meningkatkan respons imun ikan melalui berbagai mekanisme. Temuan serupa juga diungkapkan dalam penelitian oleh Wang et al (2018), yang menemukan bahwa senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dari alga cokelat mampu meningkatkan ekspresi gen yang terkait dengan respons imun pada ikan dan udang (Abdel-Rahim et al, 2021;Sheikhzadeh et al, 2022;Sudaryono et al, 2018;Vijayaram et al, 2022).…”

The effects of dietary Spirulina platensis or curcumin nanoparticles on performance, body chemical composition, blood biochemical, digestive enzyme, antioxidant and immune activities of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

“…Recently, there has been a growing interest in employing natural phytogenic compounds as growth promoters and antimicrobials in aquatic animal diets [ 9 – 11 ] in order to minimize the application of antibiotics that lead to resistant strains of bacteria [ 12 , 13 ], as well as their accumulation in edible tissues [ 14 , 15 ]. Synthetic or natural immunostimulants (such as, glucans, probiotics, trace elements, cytokines, hormones, and products derived from animals, algae, and herbs) can effectively stimulate fish growth, immunological response, and resistance to environmental stressors [ 16 ]. However, the administration of hormones, vitamins, and chemical products is frequently not recommended because they could cause adverse reactions in fish health and generate potentially hazardous residues for consumers [ 17 – 19 ].…”