Brown and beige fat in humans: thermogenic adipocytes that control energy and glucose homeostasis

Sidossis, Labros S.; Kajimura, Shingo

doi:10.1172/jci78362

Cited by 581 publications

(556 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Unlike BAT, which dissipates energy to produce heat, WAT stores energy. Recently, it has been shown that beige adipocytes sporadically reside with white adipocytes and emerge in response to certain environmental cues, such as chronic cold exposure, a process often referred to as 'browning' of WAT [40]. These findings suggest that beige fat in WAT and its energy dissipation function diminish during the evolution of thermogenic function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BNIP3 is essential for mitochondrial bioenergetics during adipocyte remodelling in mice

Choi

Kim

et al. 2015

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis Adipose tissue is a highly versatile system in which mitochondria in adipocytes undergo significant changes during active tissue remodelling. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a mitochondrial protein and a known mitochondrial quality regulator. In this study, we investigated the role of BNIP3 in adipocytes, specifically under conditions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-induced adipose tissue remodelling. Methods The expression of BNIP3 was evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro, C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet and db/db mice in vivo. Mitochondrial bioenergetics was investigated in BNIP3-knockdown adipocytes after rosiglitazone treatment. A putative peroxisome proliferator hormone responsive element (PPRE) was characterised by promoter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). ResultsThe protein BNIP3 was more abundant in brown adipose tissue than white adipose tissue. Furthermore, BNIP3 expression was upregulated by 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation, starvation and rosiglitazone treatment. Conversely, BNIP3 expression in adipocytes decreased under various conditions associated with insulin resistance. This downregulation of BNIP3 was restored by rosiglitazone treatment. Knockdown of BNIP3 in adipocytes inhibited rosiglitazoneinduced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, partially mediated by the 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, co-activator 1 α (PGC1α) signalling pathway. Rosiglitazone treatment increased the transcription level of Bnip3 in the reporter assay and the presence of the PPRE site in the Bnip3 promoter was demonstrated by EMSA. Conclusions/interpretation The protein BNIP3 contributes to the improvement of mitochondrial bioenergetics that occurs

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BNIP3 is essential for mitochondrial bioenergetics during adipocyte remodelling in mice

Choi

Kim

et al. 2015

Diabetologia

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“…[23][24][25] One possibility is the use of immortalized pre-adipocytes and MSCs versus the use of a whole SVF from WAT. As BMP4 is a mitogenic growth factor, it is possible that the observed minor upregulation of UCP1 following BMP4 treatment could be the result of an increased number of "brite" cells interspaced in WAT, 29,30 which was not studied in any of the works listed above. This is an important issue since Bmp4, as shown by us and others, can induce the commitment of MSCs irrespective of the final lineage.…”

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confidence: 99%

The dual role of BMP4 in adipogenesis and metabolism

Modica

Wolfrum

2017

Adipocyte

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BMP4 has a well-established role in triggering commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteogenic and adipogenic linage. We recently described an additional dual function in adipogenesis: after promoting the formation of both white and brown pre-adipocytes, Bmp4 drives terminal differentiation into mature white rather than brown fat cells. Besides this, Bmp4 seems to have a dual role in metabolism either promoting or repressing oxidative metabolism in a cell context dependent manner.

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“…Irisin is a myokine that is produced following physical exercise, and is able to induce the trans-differentiation of white adipocyte into brown adipocyte, namely the "browning" of white adipose tissue, with a consequent increase in energy expenditure. It is now well established that brown adipose tissue contributes to the maintenance of an appropriate body weight [46] in adult humans, who under different stimuli are able to transdifferentiate white adipocytes into brown adipocytes and vice versa [47]. It seems, therefore, that irisin is the mediator of the benefits of physical activity in terms of energy expenditure through induction of adipocyte browning.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?

Buscemi

Giordano

2017

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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Favoring correct lifestyles is the most important measure to contrast cardiovascular diseases and the epidemic of high cardiovascular risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Lifestyle is a broad expression that includes diet, physical exercise, and psychological and socio-economic factors, each of which must be taken into due consideration because of their intertwining influences, which may be a barrier to healthy changes at both the individual and population levels. While physical activity has probably received less attention in the last decades, it is likely the most important among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Improving the habitual physical activity level is an achievable goal, and even small improvements may have important favorable effects on health. Strategies at the population level have to be urgently taken, and involve not only public health, but also administrators and politicians, starting from a rethinking of our cities.

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Brown and beige fat in humans: thermogenic adipocytes that control energy and glucose homeostasis

Cited by 581 publications

References 118 publications

BNIP3 is essential for mitochondrial bioenergetics during adipocyte remodelling in mice

BNIP3 is essential for mitochondrial bioenergetics during adipocyte remodelling in mice

The dual role of BMP4 in adipogenesis and metabolism

Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?

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