Brown Adipose Tissue Is Linked to a Distinct Thermoregulatory Response to Mild Cold in People

Chondronikola, Maria; Volpi, Elena; Børsheim, Elisabet; Chao, Tony; Porter, Craig; Annamalai, Palam; Yfanti, Christina; Labbé, Sébastien M.; Hurren, Nicholas M.; Malagaris, Ioannis; Cesani, Fernardo; Sidossis, Labros S.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00129

Cited by 45 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the current study, participants had 76±28g of BAT, although this varied significantly (31-186g). As reported elsewhere (Chondronikola et al, 2016a; Chondronikola et al, 2014; Chondronikola et al, 2016b; van Marken Lichtenbelt et al, 2009; Yoneshiro et al, 2011), activation of BAT by a cold exposure protocol increased REE. In this cohort of participants, 5h of non-shivering cold exposure resulted in a 16% increase in REE (281±72 kcal/day) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Participants (n=5) underwent a 5h mild cold exposure protocol prior to a PET-CT scan to quantify sBAT activity and volume. PET-CT data from n=4 of these participants have been previously published as part of larger cohorts (Chondronikola et al, 2016a; Chondronikola et al, 2014; Chondronikola et al, 2016b). A PET-CT guided biopsy of sBAT and a biopsy of abdominal sWAT were also collected from these participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human and Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue Mitochondria Have Comparable UCP1 Function

et al. 2016

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Summary Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in mammalian thermoregulation. The component of BAT mitochondria that permits this function is the inner membrane carrier protein uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have directly quantified UCP1 function in human BAT. Further, whether human and rodent BAT have comparable thermogenic function remains unknown. We employed high-resolution respirometry to determine the respiratory capacity, coupling control, and most importantly, UCP1 function of human supraclavicular BAT and rodent interscapular BAT. Human BAT was sensitive to the purine nucleotide GDP, providing the first direct that human BAT mitochondria have thermogenically functional UCP1. Further, our data demonstrate that human and rodent BAT have similar UCP1 function per mitochondrion. These data indicate that human and rodent BAT are qualitatively similar in terms of UCP1 function.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue Mitochondria Have Comparable UCP1 Function

et al. 2016

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“…Recent research reports that the change in skin temperature of the supraclavicular area (ΔSCV) after a cooling condition can act as an indirect biomarker of BAT thermogenesis (Boon et al, ; Chondronikola et al, ; Salem et al, ; van der Lans et al, ; Yoneshiro et al, ). In response to cold stress, BAT deposits within the neck are activated by norepinephrine, which warms the skin above the clavicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to cold stress, BAT deposits within the neck are activated by norepinephrine, which warms the skin above the clavicle. Adults with active supraclavicular BAT exhibit either a minimal decline or an increase in skin temperature—ranging between −0.9°C and + 0.3°C—depending on the time length and severity of cooling condition (Boon et al, ; Chondronikola et al, ; Salem et al, ; van der Lans et al, ; Yoneshiro et al, ). In comparison, adults without detectable supraclavicular BAT experience a decline in skin temperature of around −1.5°C in this area (Chondronikola et al, ; Yoneshiro et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia

Lévy

Климова

Zakharova

et al. 2018

American J Hum Biol

105

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Objectives: This study provides the first investigation of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity among an indigenous circumpolar population, the Yakut of northeastern Siberia. The study also examines the health significance of BAT activity in this population by testing the relationships between BAT thermogenesis and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disease risk, such as percent body fat and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Methods: Data were collected in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for 31 men and 43 women. Change in energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis were quantified after a 30-minute mild cooling condition. Anthropometric dimensions, blood glucose, and lipid levels were also collected. Results: On average, the skin temperature of the supraclavicular area was constant after cooling while the skin temperature of a point on the sternum dropped significantly (P < .001), thus suggesting the presence of active supraclavicular BAT among Yakut adults. Participants with evidence of greater BAT thermogenesis exhibited a larger percent change in energy expenditure (% ΔEE) and an increase in respiratory quotient (RQ) after cooling (P ≤ .05). While there was no relationship between BAT activity and blood lipid levels, BAT thermogenesis was positively associated with blood glucose levels (P < .01). Conclusions: Yakut adults exhibit evidence of active BAT deposits. Given that there is a significant relationship between BAT activity and % ΔEE, it is possible that BAT plays a role in NST among Yakut adults. While the relationship between BAT and body composition is inconclusive, participants with greater BAT seemed to preferentially utilize glucose during cold stress exposure.

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“…Thermal skin probes are directly attached to the skin over the fat depot of interest (usually supraclavicular) and frequent temperature recordings are performed. Skin temperature over known BAT depots is higher compared to other non-BAT related areas using IRT (Jang et al 2014;Robinson et al 2016) and thermal skin probes (Boon et al 2014;van der Lans et al 2016;Chondronikola et al 2016a). IRT and thermal probes yield comparable results (Jang et al 2014).…”

Section: Skin Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Non‐invasive methods for the assessment of brown adipose tissue in humans

Chondronikola

Beeman

Wahl

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a recently rediscovered tissue in people that has shown promise as a potential therapeutic target against obesity and its metabolic abnormalities. Reliable non-invasive assessment of BAT volume and activity is critical to allow its importance in metabolic control to be evaluated. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in combination with 2-deoxy-2-[ F]fluoroglucose administration is currently the most frequently used and most established method for the detection and quantification of activated BAT in humans. However, it involves radiation exposure and can detect activated (e.g. after cold exposure), but not quiescent, BAT. Several alternative methods that overcome some of these limitations have been developed including different PET approaches, single-photon emission imaging, CT, magnetic resonance based approaches, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, near infrared spectroscopy, and temperature assessment of fat depots containing brown adipocytes. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the currently available methods that non-invasively probe various aspects of BAT biology in order to assess BAT volume and/or metabolism. Although several of these methods show promise for the non-invasive assessment of BAT volume and function, further research is needed to optimize them to enable an accurate, reproducible and practical means for the assessment of human BAT content and its metabolic function.

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Brown Adipose Tissue Is Linked to a Distinct Thermoregulatory Response to Mild Cold in People

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Human and Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue Mitochondria Have Comparable UCP1 Function

Human and Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue Mitochondria Have Comparable UCP1 Function

Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia

Non‐invasive methods for the assessment of brown adipose tissue in humans

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