Brown adipose tissue in humans

Enerbäck, Sven

doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.183

Cited by 76 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several recent reviews have summarized studies of UCP1-positive cells in humans (Enerback 2010a;van Marken Lichtenbelt and Schrauwen 2011). Rediscovery of ''thermogenic'' UCP1-positive adipocytes in adult humans (Cypess et al 2009;van Marken Lichtenbelt et al 2009;Virtanen et al 2009;Zingaretti et al 2009) has presented a unique opportunity to counter obesity in humans.…”

Section: Human Brown and Beige Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?

2013

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One of the most promising areas in the therapeutics for metabolic diseases centers around activation of the pathways of energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue is a particularly appealing target for increasing energy expenditure, given its amazing capacity to transform chemical energy into heat. In addition to classical brown adipose tissue, the last few years have seen great advances in our understanding of inducible thermogenic adipose tissue, also referred to as beige fat. A deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the development and function of these cell types may lead to new therapeutics for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.The epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes presents a serious challenge to scientific and biomedical communities worldwide. While this epidemic was first obvious in the United States and other highly developed countries of Europe, it has spread across Asia, Africa, and Oceania. The purpose of this review is not to review all of the causes of these problems; clearly, increased access to foods high in caloric density and decreased physical movement have played important roles (Doria et al. 2008;Guilherme et al. 2008;Saltiel 2012).The most important single idea in the field of metabolic disease is the concept of energy balance. This means that, with the rare exception of malabsorption of nutrients, an animal cannot gain or lose weight unless there is an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. When energy intake chronically exceeds energy expenditure, weight gain and obesity result. This excess weight is stored in adipose tissue, which consists of fat cells, or adipocytes, which have an incredible capacity for storing surplus energy in the form of lipid. This tissue is not just a passive storage depot, but also an endocrine organ, secreting molecules like leptin that can regulate appetite and whole-body metabolism. In addition to these well-described energy-storing fat cells, adipocytes also exist that are highly effective at transforming chemical energy into heat. Brown adipocytes, which get their name from their high number of iron-containing mitochondria, are specialized to dissipate energy in the form of heat, a process called nonshivering thermogenesis. The thermogenic gene program of classical brown and beige fat cells (those brown cells that can emerge in white fat depots under certain conditions) can increase whole-body energy expenditure and therefore can protect against obesity and diabetes. This role of brown (and now beige) adipose cells in increasing whole-body metabolic rates has driven much of the interest in these cell types.This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the development and function of both classical brown and beige fat cells. There has been an explosion of data identifying new pathways that activate these thermogenic cells; which avenues might prove useful in humans underlies the interest of our group and many others in this area. The final section of this review speculates on future prospect...

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Section: Human Brown and Beige Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?

2013

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“…Brown adipose tissue is structurally very different from white adipose tissue; whereas white adipose tissue stores energy, brown adipose tissue has the ability to produce energy [13]. Furthermore, brown adipose tissue has been shown to be protective against obesity [14] and its contribution to energy consumption diminishes with increasing age, whereas white adipose tissue mass increases [13]. Thus, white and brown adipose tissues seem to antagonize each other, but both are nevertheless counted as adipose tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium-Channel-Independent Relaxing Influence of Adipose Tissue on Mouse Carotid Artery

Laskowski

Andersson²,

Eliasson³

et al. 2017

J Vasc Res

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Since the cardiovascular consequences of obesity reportedly vary in different types of obesity, we investigated the influence of adipose tissue from different locales on the phenylephrine-induced tone of the mouse carotid artery. Vessels were mounted in a Mulvany-Halpern-type wire myograph, and adipose tissue, from the back (brown) or mesenteric or inguinal subcutaneous (white), was placed around the artery. Contractile responses to phenylephrine were not affected by brown adipose tissue but were reduced (p < 0.001) by either type of white adipose tissue, with no difference between the 2 locales. The relaxing effect persisted in the presence of the Kv7 channel inhibitor XE991 (10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone), the K_ATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide (1 µM), or the K_V channel inhibitor 4-amino pyridine (1 mM), as well as after elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration to 30 mM. Contractions of rat carotid artery were equally reduced by mouse and rat subcutaneous adipose tissue. Thus, white, but not brown, adipose tissue reduces the adrenergic contractions of the carotid artery with no differences between the locales of origin, and the effect appears largely independent of potassium channels.

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“…White adipose tissue contains triglyceride and fatty acid as well as a small amount of mitochondria (De Naeyer et al 2011). Brown adipose tissue contains more mitochondria compared to white adipose tissue (Enerback 2010). Th erefore, while white adipose tissue acts as a lipid storage, brown adipose tissue plays a role in the energy expenditure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors associated with increased irisin levels in the type 1 diabetes mellitus

Ateş

Arikan

Erdoğan

et al. 2017

Endocrine Regulations

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Objective. Th e aim of the present study was to determine the irisin levels in patients with the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to examine the relation of irisin levels with the infl ammation and autoimmunity.Methods. Th is study included 35 cases diagnosed with T1DM and 36 healthy volunteers. Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), islet cell antibody (ICA), and insulin autoantibody levels were measured in patients at the time when they were included into the study and recorded from the patient fi les. Serum irisin levels were measured by ELISA kit.Results. Th e median irisin levels were determined higher in T1DM group compared to the control one (6.8 ng/ml vs. 4.8 ng/ml, p=0.022; respectively). Median irisin levels were higher in anti-GAD (p=0.022) and ICA (p=0.044) positive groups compared to negative groups. In T1DM group, irisin levels displayed positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.377, p<0.001) and anti-GAD (r=0.392, p=0.020) and negative correlation with creatinine (r=-0390, p=0.021). In multivariate regression model, HbA1c (B±SE: 2.76±17683, p<0.001), and anti-GAD (B±SE: 2.311±0.610, p=0.001) were determined as independent predictors for predicting the irisin levels.Conclusion. In patients with T1DM, which chronic infl ammation and autoimmunity take part in their etiopathogenesis, anti-GAD levels were an independent risk factor for the irisin. Th is may suggest that factors such as infl ammation and autoimmunity can be eff ective in the synthesis of irisin.

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Brown adipose tissue in humans

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?

Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?

Potassium-Channel-Independent Relaxing Influence of Adipose Tissue on Mouse Carotid Artery

Factors associated with increased irisin levels in the type 1 diabetes mellitus

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