Brown adipose tissue: distribution and influencing factors on FDG PET/CT scan

Hao, Ruirui; Yuan, Leilei; Zhang, Nan; Li, Chunlin; Yang, Jigang

doi:10.1515/jpem-2012-0029

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The 18 F-FDG accumulation seen on PET/CT could have been due to infection, autoimmune diseases, noninfectious inflammatory diseases, malignancies, etc., all of which could have been the cause of FUO. In some patients, it was difficult to differentiate physiological 18 F-FDG uptake from pathological uptake [26]. In addition, the activation of the immune system in FUO patients may have influenced the 18 F-FDG distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with fever of unknown origin

Hao

Yuan

Kan

et al. 2013

Nuclear Medicine Communications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with fever of unknown origin

Hao

Yuan

Kan

et al. 2013

Nuclear Medicine Communications

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“…When MSC are forced into a preadipocyte cell lineage via exposure to 5-azacytidine, a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation, BMP-4 expression increases [175, 176]. BMP-4 has also been shown to have significance in brown adipose tissue, which prioritizes heat production over energy storage [177, 178]. Forced expression of BMP-4 in white adipocytes induces a brown adipocyte phenotype, including increased energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity [179].…”

Section: Control Of Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis By Bmp Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Signaling Pathways Governing MSC Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

2013

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells, functioning as precursors to a variety of cell types including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Between osteogenic and adipogenic lineage commitment and differentiation, a theoretical inverse relationship exists, such that differentiation towards an osteoblast phenotype occurs at the expense of an adipocytic phenotype. This balance is regulated by numerous, intersecting signaling pathways that converge on the regulation of two main transcription factors: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). These two transcription factors, PPARγ and Runx2, are generally regarded as the master regulators of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. This review will summarize signaling pathways that govern MSC fate towards osteogenic or adipocytic differentiation. A number of signaling pathways follow the inverse balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and are generally proosteogenic/antiadipogenic stimuli. These include β-catenin dependent Wnt signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and NELL-1 signaling. However, other signaling pathways exhibit more context-dependent effects on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. These include bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling and insulin growth factor (IGF) signaling, which display both proosteogenic and proadipogenic effects. In summary, understanding those factors that govern osteogenic versus adipogenic MSC differentiation has significant implications in diverse areas of human health, from obesity to osteoporosis to regenerative medicine.

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“…Since then more studies are available [34,35,36,37]. Besides the MRI, some other non-invasive investigation methods like 18 Ffluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the BAT identification were used [20,21,22].…”

Section: Discussion:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators who confirmed that epicardial adipose tissue has some features of BAT used invasive methods primarily represented by gene expression in adipose tissue [17,18,19]. Despite the fact that non-invasive methods are quite expensive for clinical practice the methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scanning for detection of the BAT [20,21,22] have been performed.…”

Section: …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Introduction:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Histogram Analyses of Epicardial Adipose Tissue

Schusterová¹,

Banovcinova²,

Klein³

et al. 2019

IJAR

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Objective: Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ and plays a key role in energy homeostasis. Two types of adipose tissue such as white and brown adipose tissue exist having essentially different physiological function. The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is considered as reliable marker of visceral adiposity, however its composition is not entirely clear. The aim of our study was to examine the qualitative features of EAT by ultrasound histograms in obese and normal-weight adolescents. Methods: 70 (mean age of 17.72 ± 1.20) randomly selected adolescents were involved in this study. Ultrasonographic histogram was used to assess the EAT structure by the contrast between the epicardial adipose tissue and left atrium (EAT/LA-value). Furthermore, anthropometric and biochemical parameters of cardiovascular risk were also obtained. Results: The EAT/LA-value differed significantly between normal weight and obese youngsters (14.76±0.83 vs. 26.22±0.95; p0.001) and was associated with clinical parameters of obesity (body mass index (BMI): r=0.57; p0.0001 and BMI percentile: r=0.72; p0.0001), laboratory parameters of cardiovascular risk factors (ALT: r=0.38; p<0.001, adiponectin: r=-0.33; p<0.01, hsCRP: r=0.24; p<0.05) and EAT thickness (EAT at end-systole: r=0.46; p<0.0001 and EAT at enddiastole: r=0.43; p<0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the EAT/LA-value was associated with EAT at end-systole [B (95%CI) = 2.52 (0.94, 4.11); p≤0.01] and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [9.23 (0.20, 18.26); p≤0.05 however, BMI proved to be the strongest independent predictor [0.16 (0.10, 0.21); p≤0.001 Conclusion: The ultrasound histogram of epicardial adipose tissue seems to be non-invasive, low-cost and easy imaging approach that can

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Brown adipose tissue: distribution and influencing factors on FDG PET/CT scan

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with fever of unknown origin

Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with fever of unknown origin

Review of Signaling Pathways Governing MSC Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

Ultrasound Histogram Analyses of Epicardial Adipose Tissue

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