Brooding in Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Argentina, SW Atlantic Ocean

Giménez, Juliana; Penchaszadeh, Pablo E.

doi:10.1007/s10152-009-0161-z

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Some lecithotrophic holothurians reproduce by brooding of the embryos on the body of the adults, a reproduction strategy that has been observed in numerous species [ 74 , 139 ]. Examples are the cucumariid holothuroid Neocnus incubans [ 4 ], the deep-sea Holothurian Oneirophanta mutabilis [ 63 ], and the Atlantic Ocean Psolus patagonicus [ 58 ]. The great variety of reproductive strategies in holothurians is highlighted by the recent discovery that brooding in Holothuria floridana is facultative since the exceptionally sticky embryos can benefit from growing on the adult body wall but can also live in the plankton [ 132 ].…”

Section: Embryonic Development and Metamorphosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo

Perillo,

Sepe,

Paganos

et al. 2024

EvoDevo

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A challenge for evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) biology is to expand the breadth of research organisms used to investigate how animal diversity has evolved through changes in embryonic development. New experimental systems should couple a relevant phylogenetic position with available molecular tools and genomic resources. As a phylum of the sister group to chordates, echinoderms extensively contributed to our knowledge of embryonic patterning, organ development and cell-type evolution. Echinoderms display a variety of larval forms with diverse shapes, making them a suitable group to compare the evolution of embryonic developmental strategies. However, because of the laboratory accessibility and the already available techniques, most studies focus on sea urchins and sea stars mainly. As a comparative approach, the field would benefit from including information on other members of this group, like the sea cucumbers (holothuroids), for which little is known on the molecular basis of their development. Here, we review the spawning and culture methods, the available morphological and molecular information, and the current state of genomic and transcriptomic resources on sea cucumbers. With the goal of making this system accessible to the broader community, we discuss how sea cucumber embryos and larvae can be a powerful system to address the open questions in evo-devo, including understanding the origins of bilaterian structures.

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Section: Embryonic Development and Metamorphosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo

Perillo,

Sepe,

Paganos

et al. 2024

EvoDevo

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“…plates) on the surface of the body wall, common to all members of the Psolidae family, that measure between 450 mm in diameter in 3-month-old juveniles and 1.4 cm in the largest adults, making them easier to distinguish. While investigators had reported the presence of these plates in psolid species before [39][40][41][42], their porous aspect and uniform colour probably prevented them from being considered potential indicators of age. Moreover, these plates can be challenging to extract without damaging their fine structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids

Sun

Hamel²,

Gianasi

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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While age is fundamental in animal biology, forming the basis of critical concepts such as life-history strategies, longevity and population structures, measuring this variable in some taxa remains problematic. Such is the case of holothuroid echinoderms, which play key roles in marine benthic communities from the shore to the abyss, and which are extensively fished in many regions across the globe. Here, we present and validate a promising ageing technique using the cold-water species Psolus fabricii . The method involves the extraction of the oldest dermal plates (largest dorsal ossicles) to preserve their original pigments and structure. While plates initially appear to have a uniform texture, polishing and dying them reveals layered ring patterns. A study of laboratory-reared juveniles, from settlement to 40 months of age, confirmed that one layer is added annually, making plates both larger and thicker, and generating successive light and dark rings, the latter representing the transition (overlap) between two layers. Therefore, each pair of rings represents an annual growth band. Size-at-age data obtained using this method revealed that growth of P. fabricii is slow and that wild individuals collected at diving depths had reached an age of several decades.

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“…Psolus patagonicus was reported as a brooder by Bernasconi (1941), Hernández (1981) and Giménez & Penchaszadeh (2010). Martínez et al (2011) studied the reproductive cycle and found a spawning event during February, which is followed by a brooding period from February to September (Giménez & Penchaszadeh 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the Pacific Ocean, known from the vicinity of Magellan Strait (48° S) (Hernández, 1981). Habitat: Rocks, shells, Macrocystis fronds and holdfast (Pawson, 1969a;Giménez & Penchaszadeh 2010, and this paper).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus Ekman 1925 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic, redescription of the holotype and new synonym.

Martínez

2016

MACN

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Hernández (1981) focused the study to northern waters (up to 38° S), extending the known distribution of this species to almost all the Argentine shelf. Tommasi (1971) described a new species, P. marcusi, from off Mar del Plata, Argentina (38° S). Although the description was adequate, no information about a holotype or type specimens was stated. The purpose of this work is to redescribe Psolus patagonicus, analyzing the holotype from the Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH) and specimens from the Collection of Invertebrates at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-In), as a consequence of which P. marcusi is recognized as a junior synonym, and the identity of the material labeled as P. antarcticus by Ludwig (1897) is clarified. RESULTS Psolus patagonicus Ekman, 1925

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Brooding in Psolus patagonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Argentina, SW Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo

Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids

The sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus Ekman 1925 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic, redescription of the holotype and new synonym.

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