Brood indicators are an early warning signal of honey bee colony loss—a simulation-based study
Jürgen Groeneveld,
Richard Odemer,
Fabrice Requier
Abstract:Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are exposed to multiple stressors such as pesticides, lack of forage, and diseases. It is therefore a long-standing aim to develop robust and meaningful indicators of bee vitality to assist beekeepers While established indicators often focus on expected colony winter mortality based on adult bee abundance and honey reserves at the beginning of the winter, it would be useful to have indicators that allow detection of stress effects earlier in the year to allow for adaptive management… Show more
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