Bronze Age World System Cycles [and Comments and Reply]

Frank, André Günder; Algaze, Guillermo; Barceló, Juan A.; Chase‐Dunn, Christopher; Edens, Christopher; Friedman, Jonathan; Gilman, Antonio; Gosden, Chris; Harding, Anthony; Joffe, Alexander H.; Knapp, A. Bernard; Kohl, Philip L.; Kristiansen, Kristian; Lamberg‐Karlovsky, C. C.; McNeill, John; Muhly, James D.; Sherratt, Andrew; Sherratt, Susan

doi:10.1086/204184

Cited by 174 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…However, early metal processing also took place in many other areas including China, India, Africa and Sweden; as well as non-Mediterranean regions of the Old World such as Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Egypt. All were dynamic metal-using entities several thousand years before the development of the Athenian State in Classical Antiquity [37].…”

Section: Global Dimensions: Copper and Lead In The Global Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

The local and global dimensions of metalliferous pollution derived from a reconstruction of an eight thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan

Grattan¹,

Gilbertson²,

Hunt³

2007

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Grattan, J.P., Gilbertson, D.D., Hunt, C.O. (2007). The local and global dimensions of metaliferrous air pollution derived from a reconstruction of an 8 thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan. Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 83-110This paper establishes an eight thousand year history of anthropogenic metal pollution at one of the oldest, most important and longest sustained sites of the extraction and smelting of copper ores in the Old World: the Faynan Orefield in Jordan, which is located between the hyper-arid southern desert and the front of the wetter Mountains of Edom. The modern land surface is shown, in significant part, to be a complex palimpsest of archaeological sites, metal pollution of various ages and ore processing deposits. Quantitative and qualitative observations of the storage and cycling of heavy metals through the local natural and domestic systems have produced a body of information on processes with which the past has been interpreted. Heavy metal concentrations in semi-continuous sedimentary bodies indicate that over the last 1500years, metals were removed by natural processes at a comparatively slow rate given the scale of the original anthropogenic metal burden: the proportions of lead with respect to copper have increased as the overall metal burden has been lowered. Distinctive anthropogenic metal-pollution signatures have been detected in ash- and charcoal-rich deposits that were discarded onto the banks of a perennial stream in the late Neolithic. At present, the nature of the human activities that might have produced these pollution signatures is unknown. Substantial metal pollution from industrial-scale smelting activity was present from the Early Bronze Age. The intensity of heavy metal pollution produced in Classical Times locally exceeded that recorded at major European copper smelting centres in the nineteenth century A.D. The pollution evidence indicates that intensive copper smelting at the immediate area took place until approximately the end of the Byzantine period; with the exception of one further minor episode of smelting radiocarbon dated to cal. BP 530-330. An observed partial, but perhaps significant, parallelism is also noted between this local record and the records of the metal burdens of the northern hemisphere determined at mire or ice-sheet sites at high-altitudes or high-latitudes. The paper discusses the extent to which this parallelism might be a geochemical indicator of the actual existence of ''economic systems'' of a geographical scope and scale to have both exercised substantial ''pull'' upon the resources of such isolated and difficult locations at the Wadi Faynan, and to have generated sufficient overall metal pollution to have materially altered the chemistry of the global atmosphere. The comparative absence of quantitative information upon the nature, spatial scale and impacts of human, industrial and natural processes affecting metal-pollution in other metal-rich arid lands provides a ...

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Section: Global Dimensions: Copper and Lead In The Global Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

The local and global dimensions of metalliferous pollution derived from a reconstruction of an eight thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan

Grattan¹,

Gilbertson²,

Hunt³

2007

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…But if it is the action of "all men and women" that docs so, then "society" ha~ been world-wide for a long time pa~t, at lea~t since the family multiplication strategy ran its course. Like Frank and Gills (1993) and Frank (1993), Snooks also identifies growth cycles of three to five hundred years duration. Unlike us, he looks for different ones in China and Rome; and he concentrates his interest in Europe during the pa~t millennium.…”

Section: [Page 193] Journal Of World-systems Researchmentioning

confidence: 85%

Review of "ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age" by Andre Gunder-Frank

Terlouw

1998

JWSR

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We got it all wrong. Every social scientist frequently ha~ that sneaking feeling that perhaps the world is not constructed a~ he or she thought it wa~. Most ofus then have a drink and a good night's sleep, go back to the university the next day, and keep on teaching along the well-trodden path of our predecessors. Ifwc arc wrong, we arc at lea~t in well-respected company. But Andre Gunder Frank is not like the rest ofus. This maverick of many decades ha~ now written a book in which his iconocla~m reaches a new climax. That Samuel Huntington and Walt Rostow got it wrong won't surprise the reader familiar with Frank's earlier work on dependence and the development of underdevelopment. But

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“…Despite Moore's enthusiasm [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] for the work of Marx and the Neo-Marxists and their analyses of Capitalism, Moore seems to be unaware of the vigorous debate on the nature of "capitalism", its time emergence and its duration that have taken place in world-systems analyses. Moore's fervent attempt to theorize Capitalism as historical capitalism with its long cycles never grapples with the numerous works that have been produced over the last two decades under the umbrella term of world system history whereby there are concentrated discussions on what is "capitalism", the duration of the world system, and the various dynamics underlining such a system from hegemonic rivalry, core-periphery relations, the global accumulation process and long waves (see for example, [9,10,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]). Following Wallerstein [42] for Moore, the emergence of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, its duration and nature all began in the 15th century in Western Europe.…”

Section: The Attempt To Green Marxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature–Culture Relations: Early Globalization, Climate Changes, and System Crisis

Chew

Sarabia

2016

Sustainability

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Globalization has been on everyone's lips in light of the contemporary conditions. It has been viewed mostly as a stage reached as a result of long-term societal changes over the course of world history. For us, globalization has been an ongoing process for at least the last 5000 years. Little attention has been paid to the socioeconomic and natural processes that led to the current transformation. With the exception of historical sociologists, there is less interest in examining the long-term past as it is often assumed that the past has nothing to teach us, and it is the future that we have to turn our intellectual gaze. This paper will argue the opposite. We believe a long-term tracing of the socioeconomic and political processes of the making of the modern world will allow us to have a more incisive understanding of the current trajectory of world development and transformations. To plead our case, we outline the emergence of the first Eurasian World Economy linking seven regions (Europe, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, the Persian Gulf, Central Asia, South Asia, Ceylon, Southeast Asia, and China) of the world, with the exception of the Americas, starting as early as 200 BC, and the sequence of structural crises and transformations (trading networks and commodities) that has circumscribed the structures and trends of the current global system. Such consideration in our view is limited if we do not also include the relations between social systems and Nature, and the rhythms of the climate. For the latter, an awareness of the natural rhythms of the climate as well as human induced changes or climate forcing have triggered system-wide level collapses during certain early historical periods.

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Bronze Age World System Cycles [and Comments and Reply]

Cited by 174 publications

References 0 publications

The local and global dimensions of metalliferous pollution derived from a reconstruction of an eight thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan

The local and global dimensions of metalliferous pollution derived from a reconstruction of an eight thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan

Review of "ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age" by Andre Gunder-Frank

Nature–Culture Relations: Early Globalization, Climate Changes, and System Crisis

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