Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: incidence and risk factors

Abstract

Introduction. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic pulmonary sequela among very low birth weight infants. The objective of this study was to estimate its incidence in our Neonatal Unit over the past 5 years and analyze associated risk factors. Population and methods. An observational and analytical study was conducted in a retrospective cohort, using data obtained from a prospective database of infants born at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires with a birth weight of less than 1500 grams between January 2010 and December 2014. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its association with several secondary outcome measures were studied. Results. Two hundred and forty-five patients were included. The incidence of moderate/ severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 22%, and it was associated with a younger gestational age and lower birth weight. A significant association was observed with surfactant use, mechanical ventilation requirement, and length of mechanical ventilation. Patients with moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia had a higher incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and late-onset sepsis. A lower birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.991-0.997, p< 0.001) and the length of mechanical ventilation (aOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, p < 0.01) remained associated following adjustment for other outcome measures. In addition, an association was observed among patients with intrauterine growth restriction born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age (OR: 4.71, 95% CI: 1.68-13.2). Conclusions. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in our unit was associated with a lower birth weight and the length of mechanical ventilation. Among infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation, intrauterine growth restriction accounted for an additional risk.

Mother's Own Milk and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Postnatally, the intensive care support needed by very preterm infants, including resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen administration, carries a high grade of inflammation to the immature lung, leading to the establishment of BPD (38). When postnatal infections occur, the incidence of BPD sharply increases (39–41). Finally, inadequate nutrition can further worsen BPD (42).…”

Information value of ante- and intranatal risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborns

“…Относительный риск влияния принадлежности к мужскому полу на развитие бронхолегочной дисплазии у детей, родившихся до 30 нед беременности, составляет 1,5, а относительный риск влияния низкой массы тела -3,2 [26]. Другие исследователи [27,28] также на основании анализа относительного риска считают, что формирование бронхолегочной дисплазии у новорожденных связано с низкой массой тела при рождении и продолжительностью искусственной вентиляции легких.…”

Comparison of clinical outcomes following delivery of budesonide by both vibrating mesh nebulizer and jet nebulizer in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

“…Factors like reduced gestational age, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, and exposure to high concentrations of inhaled oxygen contribute to lung tissue damage. This damage potentially hampers neonatal lung development and leads to decreased lung function (6)(7)(8)(9). Infants diagnosed with BPD often demand extended hospital stays and might encounter respiratory and feeding challenges, cognitive impairments, and risks of cerebral palsy post-discharge.…”