Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood natural killer and natural killer <scp>T</scp>‐like cells in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Papakosta, Despina; Manika, Κaterina; Gounari, Evdoxia; Kyriazis, George; Kontakiotis, Theodoros; Spyropoulos, George; Kontakioti, Eirini; Zarogoulidis, Konstantinos

doi:10.1111/resp.12305

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Up to now, NK cells or adequate subsets were found in several tissues of the human body such as lungs, liver, skin, intestine, uterus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes [8], blood, decidua [9], or central nervous system [10]. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, macrophages account for more than 80% of total immune cells, while NK cells constitute just around 1% [11]. Even though this hardly suggests a major contribution of NK cells, several studies lay special emphasis on the fact that NK cells still account for 10% of the lymphocytes in the lung, while they additionally show a higher percentage of differentiated/matured cells than in other peripheral organs such as liver, skin and secondary lymphoid tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human NK cells adapt their immune response towards increasing multiplicities of infection of Aspergillus fumigatus

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus reproduces by generation of conidia, which are spread by airflow throughout nature. Since humans are inhaling certain amounts of spores every day, the (innate) immune system is constantly challenged. Even though macrophages and neutrophils carry the main burden, also NK cells are regarded to contribute to the antifungal immune response. While NK cells reveal a low frequency, expression and release of immunomodulatory molecules seem to be a natural way of their involvement.ResultsIn this study we show, that NK cells secrete chemokines such as CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL5/RANTES early on after stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus and, in addition, adjust the concentration of chemokines released to the multiplicity of infection of Aspergillus fumigatus.ConclusionsThese results further corroborate the relevance of NK cells within the antifungal immune response, which is regarded to be more and more important in the development and outcome of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, the correlation between the multiplicity of infection and the expression and release of chemokines shown here may be useful in further studies for the quantification and/or surveillance of the NK cell involvement in antifungal immune responses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12865-018-0276-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human NK cells adapt their immune response towards increasing multiplicities of infection of Aspergillus fumigatus

et al. 2018

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“…In fact, while Korosec et al found no statistically significant differences between HP clinical presentations, only 5 of 17 HP cases were chronic forms [38]. Also, in the study of Papakosta et al, while no differences were found in BALF NK cells between HP acute and subacute forms, none of the 19 studied patients had a chronic presentation [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been recent reports that patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have a higher BALF NKT cells percentage than patients with sarcoidosis and healthy controls [6, 7, 9]. Higher NK and NKT-like cell counts have also been detected in the BALF of patients with organizing pneumonia (OP) compared with those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or healthy controls [14, 15]. Deficient or impaired NKT cells function may also have a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis (reviewed in [11]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK and NKT cells in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases presenting with a lymphocytic alveolitis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundDiffuse lung diseases (DLD) are characterized by different immunophenotypes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of BALF NK and NKT cell counts of patients with DLD and lymphocytic alveolitis.MethodsWe assessed 202 patients with DLD, who underwent BALF immunophenotyping. Samples were routinely processed by flow cytometry and lymphocyte subsets were compared between patients with sarcoidosis (n = 106), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; n = 53), and other DLDs (n = 43). We compared absolute counts and percentages of NK and NKT cells between patients with HP versus the remaining DLD patients. To assess the accuracy of BALF lymphocyte subsets in the diagnosis of HP, we calculated the respective areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC).ResultsPatients with HP had significantly higher numbers of BALF NK cells, and its percentage was significantly associated with a higher odds of HP, even after adjustment for the NKT and CD8+ cells. For the absolute number of BALF NK cells, we found an AUC-ROC of 0.76 (95%CI = 0.68–0.84) when comparing patients with HP versus the remaining DLD. The cut-offs of 2000 NK cells/mL and of 2.4% NK cells in the BALF had a specificity and a negative predictive value over 80% for the diagnosis of HP. BALF NK cells absolute counts were significantly higher in HP patients with a restrictive pattern. No such differences were observed for NKT cells.ConclusionsBALF NK immunophenotyping may be a helpful adjunct to the diagnostic work-up of DLD, particularly in the differential diagnosis of HP.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-019-0802-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In a study of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in ILD patients, Papakosta et al . found that natural killer and natural killer T‐like cells were increased in the BAL fluid of patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia when compared with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and IPF, suggesting both a pathomechanistic and diagnostic role for these cells . In sarcoidosis, BAL levels of the fungal antigen β‐glycan were shown by Tercelj et al .…”

Section: Rare Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 93%

Year in review 2014: Interstitial lung disease, physiology, sleep and ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and rare lung disease

et al. 2015

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Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood natural killer and natural killer T‐like cells in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Abstract: Our study provides for the first time evidence for the implication of NKT-like cells in the pathogenesis of COP, as part of both localized and systemic cytotoxicity.

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Human NK cells adapt their immune response towards increasing multiplicities of infection of Aspergillus fumigatus

Human NK cells adapt their immune response towards increasing multiplicities of infection of Aspergillus fumigatus

NK and NKT cells in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases presenting with a lymphocytic alveolitis

Year in review 2014: Interstitial lung disease, physiology, sleep and ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and rare lung disease

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