Bronchiectasis in children with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Amorosa, Judith K.; Miller, Renee; Laraya-Cuasay, Lourdes R.; Gaur, Sunanda; Marone, Roseann; Frenkel, Lawrence D.; Nosher, John L.

doi:10.1007/bf02015366

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Lym- phocytic interstitial pneumonia is a frequent lung disease in children with AIDS, representing 25±40 % of lung involvement [6], and is considered as an indicator of AIDS in any child before the age of 13 years, unless HIV serology is negative. The diagnosis of LIP is infrequently made before the age of 1 year [6,20,21,22,23]. The suggested etiopathogenic factor of LIP in AIDS patients is the simultaneous presence of both HIV and Epstein-Barr virus in the lung, LIP representing the lung response to this presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in children with AIDS: high-resolution CT findings

et al. 2001

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Pulmonary involvement in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) represents a wide spectrum of diseases. Among the non-infectious, non-neoplastic affections associated with AIDS, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is now a well-recognized entity, but its radiological pattern studied with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has rarely been described in children. The aim of this study was to illustrate the HRCT spectrum of pulmonary involvement in children with LIP and to evaluate its usefulness in the early diagnosis of this entity. Twelve children with AIDS, aged 3-9 years (mean age 5 years 7 months), underwent chest radiographs and HRCT. A control group of 7 healthy aged-matched children was also studied in the same conditions. Diagnosis of LIP was based on clinical data and HRCT findings. Eight children of 12 had a reticulonodular pattern on chest radiographs. Two children had normal chest films and two children showed peribronchiolar thickening. High-resolution CT displayed micronodules, 1-3 mm in diameter, with a perilymphatic distribution in all patients. High-resolution CT demonstrated also subpleural nodules in children without reticulonodular opacities on chest radiographs. High-resolution CT is able to define a more specific pattern of abnormalities than conventional chest radiographs in children with LIP, allows an earlier and more confident diagnosis and may be useful for the detection of other pathologies associated with AIDS, such as opportunistic infections or superimposed malignancies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in children with AIDS: high-resolution CT findings

et al. 2001

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“…16 Cor pulmonale or bronchiectasis may develop. 17 Serum IgG, LDH, and titers to viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus may be moderately elevated. 12 Chest radiographs often show a diffuse reticulonodular pattern, more pronounced centrally (Fig.…”

Section: Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia (Lip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62,63 Clinical features include sputum production, halitosis, digital clubbing, and abnormalities on chest auscultation. Development of bronchiectasis may be associated with the severity of immunosuppression; amongst 23 HIV-infected children (median age of 7.5 years) with bronchiectasis all had CD4 T-cell counts less than 100 cells per cubic millimeter.…”

Section: Bronchiectasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children

Zar

2007

Pediatric Pulmonology

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The development of chronic lung disease is common in HIV‐infected children. The spectrum of chronic HIV‐associated lung disease includes lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), chronic infections, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), bronchiectasis, malignancies, and interstitial pneumonitis. Chronic lung disease may result from recurrent or persistent pneumonia due to bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal or mixed infections. In high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence areas, M. tuberculosis is an important cause of chronic respiratory illness. With increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for children in developing countries, a rise in the incidence of IRIS due to mycobacterial or other infections is being reported. Diagnosis of chronic lung disease is based on chronic symptoms and persistent chest X‐ray changes but definitive diagnosis can be difficult as clinical and radiological findings may be non‐specific. Distinguishing LIP from miliary TB remains a difficult challenge in HIV‐infected children living in high TB prevalence areas. Treatment includes therapy for specific infections, pulmonary clearance techniques, corticosteroids for children with LIP who are hypoxic or who have airway compression from tuberculous nodes and HAART. Children who are taking TB therapy and HAART need adjustments in their drug regimes to minimize drug interactions and ensure efficacy. Preventative strategies include immunization, chemoprophylaxis, and micronutrient supplementation. Early use of HAART may prevent the development of chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1–10. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In children, LIP has been reported to be frequently associated with AIDS. In a series of 77 human immunodeficiency viruspositive (HIV+) children evaluated by Amorosa et al (1992), 32 were diagnosed as having LIP. The appearance of LIP on chest radiography is nonspecific and includes a fine reticular pattern and nodular opacities or a diffuse confluent pattern.…”

Section: Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution CT of the Lung in Children: Clinical Applications

Pointe

2014

Pediatric Chest Imaging

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Bronchiectasis in children with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Cited by 61 publications

References 7 publications

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in children with AIDS: high-resolution CT findings

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in children with AIDS: high-resolution CT findings

Chronic lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children

High-Resolution CT of the Lung in Children: Clinical Applications

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