Bronchiectasis Exacerbations: The Role of Atypical Bacteria and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Metaxas, Eugenios; Balis, Evangelos; Papaparaskevas, Joseph; Spanakis, Nicholas; Tatsis, Giorgos; Tsakris, Athanasios

doi:10.1155/2015/783682

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycoplasmas cause a wide variety of human disease, such as asthma, bronchiectasis, and pelvic inflammatory diseases ( Metaxas et al, 2015 ). Several species of mycoplasma such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the respiratory tract, M. genitalium in the genitourinary tract cause human disease ( Metaxas et al, 2015 ). Mycoplasma infections can place a big burden on healthcare systems, with more than 100,000 annual hospitalizations arising from M. pneumoniae in the US alone ( Atkinson et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma-Mediated Immunomodulation

et al. 2018

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Mycoplasma infections, such as walking pneumonia or pelvic inflammatory diseases, are a major threat to public health. Despite their relatively small physical and genomic size, mycoplasmas are known to elicit strong host immune responses, generally inflammatory, while also being able to evade the immune system. The mycoplasma membrane is composed of approximately two-thirds protein and one-third lipid and contains several lipoproteins that are known to regulate host immune responses. Herein, the immunomodulatory effects of mycoplasma lipoproteins are reviewed. A better understanding of the immunomodulatory effects, both activating and evasive, of Mycoplasma surface lipoproteins will contribute to understanding mechanisms potentially relevant to mycoplasma disease vaccine development and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma-Mediated Immunomodulation

et al. 2018

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“…Bronchiectasis is a chronic airway disease with permanently dilated small- and medium-sized airways which are associated with the vicious cycle of airway infection, inflammation and destruction [ 8 – 11 ]. These events lead to impaired lung function [ 12 , 13 ] and quality of life [ 14 ] and recurrent infective exacerbations [ 15 ]. Concurrent management approaches mainly comprise the management of infective exacerbations [ 15 , 16 ], and the administration of antibiotics [ 17 , 18 ], anti-inflammatory therapy [ 19 , 20 ], mucolytics [ 21 , 22 ], chest physiotherapy and postural drainage [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Co-Existing Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Disease Severity and Risks of Exacerbations in Chinese Adults with Bronchiectasis

Guan

Gao

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundMounting evidence supports the notion of “one airway, one disease.”ObjectiveTo determine whether chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) poses adverse impacts on Chinese adults with bronchiectasis.MethodsWe enrolled 148 consecutive adults with clinically stable bronchiectasis. CRS diagnosed based on the 2012 EP3OS criteria. We systematically evaluated the bronchiectasis etiology, radiology, lung function, sputum bacteriology, airway inflammatory biomarkers, Bronchiectasis Severity Index, cough sensitivity and healthcare resource utilization. All patients were prospectively followed-up for 1 year to examine the frequency of bronchiectasis exacerbations (BEs).ResultsForty-seven patients (31.8%) were diagnosed as having CRS. Bronchiectasis etiologies did not vary statistically between CRS and no-CRS group. There was a trend towards non-statistically higher Bronchiectasis Severity Index [6.4±3.4 vs. 5.0(6.0), P = 0.19], a higher proportion of patients with BEs needing hospitalization before enrollment (48.9% vs. 29.7%, P = 0.13), poorer FVC [78.2±19.8% vs. 82.2(16.8)%, P = 0.54] and FEV1 [68.2±24.8% vs. 74.8(21.2)%, P = 0.29], a higher prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated (36.2% vs. 26.7%, P = 0.27) or colonized in sputum (36.2% vs. 21.8%, P = 0.12) and greater capsaicin cough sensitivity [C2: 3.9(123.0) μmol/L vs. 11.7(123.0) μmol/L, P = 0.81; C5: 62.5(996.0) μmol/L vs. 250.0(973.0) μmol/L, P = 0.32]. Patients with CRS had significantly greater risks of experiencing BEs during follow-up (P = 0.02 for negative binominal regression test).ConclusionChinese adults with bronchiectasis appear to have a lower prevalence of CRS than that in western countries. There was a trend towards greater adverse impacts on bronchiectasis in patients with CRS. Studies with greater sample sizes might help to resolve this issue. In future clinical practice, physicians should be vigilant to the screening of concomitant CRS in bronchiectasis so as to better improve patient’s healthcare. Our findings may be of clinical significance in that proper treatment of upper airway symptoms due to CRS will be the prevention of infection or re-infection of the tracheobronchial tree, which should be addressed for the future management of bronchiectasis.

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“…Coronavirus, Rhinovirus, and Influenza A and B were the most commonly isolated viruses [ 61 ]. In the same year, Metaxas et al explored the role of viruses in NCFB using polymerase chain reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage samples finding respiratory syncytial virus during stable visits, but not during bronchiectasis exacerbations [ 62 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Common Respiratory Pathogens of Chronic Bronchiectasis Patients: A Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic disorder in which immune system dysregulation and impaired airway clearance cause mucus accumulation and consequent increased susceptibility to lung infections. The presence of pathogens in the lower respiratory tract causes a vicious circle resulting in impaired mucociliary function, bronchial inflammation, and progressive lung injury. In current guidelines, antibiotic therapy has a key role in bronchiectasis management to treat acute exacerbations and chronic infection and to eradicate bacterial colonization. Contrastingly, antimicrobial resistance, with the risk of multidrug-resistant pathogen development, causes nowadays great concern. The aim of this literature review was to assess the role of antibiotic therapy in bronchiectasis patient management and possible concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance based on current evidence. The authors of this review stress the need to expand research regarding bronchiectasis with the aim to assess measures to reduce the rate of antimicrobial resistance worldwide.

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Bronchiectasis Exacerbations: The Role of Atypical Bacteria and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Abstract: Atypical pathogens and RSV did not appear to be causative agents of bronchiectasis exacerbations.

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

The Role of Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma-Mediated Immunomodulation

The Role of Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma-Mediated Immunomodulation

Impacts of Co-Existing Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Disease Severity and Risks of Exacerbations in Chinese Adults with Bronchiectasis

Antimicrobial Resistance in Common Respiratory Pathogens of Chronic Bronchiectasis Patients: A Literature Review

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