Bronchial responsiveness to histamine or methacholine in asthma: measurement and clinical significance

Hargreave, Frederick E.; Ryan, Gerard; Thomson, Neil C.; O'Byrne, Paul M.; Latimer, K. M.; Juniper, E. F.; Dolovich, J.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(81)90132-9

Cited by 708 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is well-known that allergen bronchoprovocation in patients with asthma produces a biphasic response consisting of immediate bronchospasm which almost resolves within minutes and can be prevented by treatment with f2-adrenoceptor agonists. Some minutes after exposure to the allergen, a late episode of bronchoconstriction can also occur, which is more severe than the immediate response and which is resistant to treatment with f32-adrenoceptor agonists (Hargreaves et al, 1981;Paggiaro et al, 1991). These early and late responses are associated with a marked inflammatory reaction in the airways as a result of the release of distinct mediators and activation of different types of immune cells (O'Byrne et al, 1987;Schlosberg et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐inflammatory effects of theophylline, cromolyn and salbutamol in a murine model of pleurisy

Saleh

Calixto

Medeiros

1996

British J Pharmacology

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1 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of theophylline, cromolyn and salbutamol, three wellknown anti-asthmatic drugs, on the early (4 h) and late (48 h) phases of cell migration and fluid leakage induced by carrageenin in the pleural cavity of mice. 2 In the first set of experiments, animals were pretreated (30 min) with different doses of theophylline (0.5-50 mg kg-', i.p.), cromolyn (0.02-0.2 mg per pleural cavity) or salbutamol (0.05-50 mg kg-', i.p.); the total and differential cell content, and also the exudate were analysed 4 h after carrageenin (1 %) administration. Afterwards, in order to evaluate the time course effects of these drugs on both phases of the inflammatory reaction, one dose employed in the above protocol was chosen, to pretreat (0.5-24 h) different groups of animals. The studied parameters were evaluated 4 and 48 h after pleurisy induction. 3 Acute administration of theophylline (1-50 mg kg-1, i.p.), cromolyn (0.02-0.2 mg per pleural cavity) and salbutamol (0.5-50 mg kg-', i.p.), 30 min prior to carrageenin, caused significant inhibition of total cell and fluid leakage in the pleural cavity at 4 h (P<0.01). All drugs exerted a long-lasting inhibitory effect on both exudation and cell migration (P<0.01) when administered 0.5-8 h before pleurisy induction. However, the temporal profile of the inhibitory effect induced by these drugs on the first phase of the inflammatory reaction was clearly different. Thus, the inhibitory effect induced by theophylline and cromolyn on exudation was significantly longer (up to 24 h) in comparison to their effects on cell migration (only up to 8 h). In contrast, although salbutamol when administered 30 min before pleurisy induction abolished fluid leakage (P<0.01), this effect was not sustained in the groups pretreated for 4-8 h. In these latter groups, a significant but much smaller reduction of exudation was observed (P<0.01), whereas the magnitude of cell migration inhibition did not vary. 4 The second phase (48 h) of the inflammatory reaction induced by carrageenin (1%) was significantly inhibited by cromolyn (0.02 mg per pleural cavity) when this drug was administered 0.5-24 h before pleurisy induction (P<0.01). Similar results were observed when theophylline (50 mg kg-', i.p.) was administered 0.5-4 h before the injection of the phlogistic agent (P<0.01). Treatment of the animals with salbutamol (5 mg kg-', i.p.), 0.5-24 h before pleurisy induction, did not inhibit either cell migration or fluid leakage. In this condition, a significant increase of these parameters was observed in the group pretreated with salbutamol 8-24 h before pleurisy induction (P<0.01). 5 These results indicate that theophylline and cromolyn were able to inhibit the early (4 h) and late (48 h) phases of the inflammatory reaction induced by carrageenin in a murine model of pleurisy. Salbutamol was effective only against the early phase. The inhibitory effects of theophylline, cromolyn and salbutamol on the early phase of this inflammatory reaction were long-lasting, ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐inflammatory effects of theophylline, cromolyn and salbutamol in a murine model of pleurisy

Saleh

Calixto

Medeiros

1996

British J Pharmacology

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“…Bronchial responsiveness to histamine or methacholine assessed in challenge testing is considered an objective measure for bronchial lability [1]. Bronchial responsiveness is related to the presence of respiratory symptoms [2][3][4], asthma [5], and the severity of asthma [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Bronchial responsiveness is related to the presence of respiratory symptoms [2][3][4], asthma [5], and the severity of asthma [1]. It is also frequently expressed in established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [6], and is an important risk factor for the development of airway obstruction [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of peak expiratory flow variability by age, gender and smoking habits in a random population sample aged 20-70 yrs

Boezen

Schouten²,

Postma³

et al. 1994

Eur Respir J

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D Di is st tr ri ib bu ut ti io on n oof f p pe ea ak k e ex xp pi ir ra at to or ry y f fl lo ow w v va ar ri ia ab bi il li it ty y b by y a ag ge e, , g ge en nd de er r a an nd d s sm mo ok ki in ng g h ha ab bi it ts s i in n a a r ra an nd do om m p po op pu ul la at ti io on n s sa am mp pl le e a ag ge ed d 2 20 0--7 70 0 y yr rs s A training effect was found, absolute PEF values on the first measurement day being significantly lower. Females had greater PEF variability (adjusted for age, height and pack-years) and lower absolute PEFs than males. The mean within-day variation (amplitude % mean) was 3.66% (SD 2.03%), whereas the mean day-today variation was relatively small: 0.08% (SD 1.53%). Absolute PEFs were lower and amplitude % mean were significantly higher in older age groups. Smoking was significantly associated with lower mean PEFs and greater amplitude % mean. We observed lower mean values of the amplitude % mean than other investigators, possibly related to lower frequency of PEF recording (twice daily).We conclude that PEF and PEF variability have a normal or log-normal distribution. When studying PEF variability, age, gender and smoking habits should be taken into account.

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“…Other methods of expressing the response to bronchial challenge include the DRS [15], and the bronchial responsiveness index (BRindex), de®ned as the log of the slope of the percentage decline from baseline FEV 1 after the last dose per unit dose of methacholine [16]. These latter two methods may be more useful in epidemiological studies because a value that related well to symptom history can be calculated for the entire sample, even if the subject does not experience a 20% drop in FEV 1 . In this study, the DRS as well as the positive rate of MBPT were used to evaluate the bronchial responsiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine is increased in citrus red mite (Panonychus citri)‐sensitive children without asthmatic symptoms

Min

Park

Lee

et al. 2000

Clin Experimental Allergy

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SummaryBackground A recent investigation has suggested that citrus red mite (Panonychus citri, CRM) is a common sensitizing allergen among children living around citrus farms. Objective A cross-sectional survey was performed to evaluate the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in CRM-sensitive children without asthmatic symptoms. Subjects and methods A total of 375 children living around citrus farms were enrolled in this study. There were 201 boys and 174 girls with a mean age of 12.5 (range 7±16) years. Each subject was evaluated by a questionnaire, a skin prick test with 13 common inhalant allergens including CRM, and a methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT). Results Positive rate of MBPT (PC 20 -methacholine < 25 mg/mL) was higher in atopic rhinitic and atopic control children than in nonatopic rhinitic and nonatopic control subjects (41.3% and 33.3% vs 17.2% and 15.4%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Slope of dose± response curve (DRS, %/mg/mL) was higher in atopic rhinitic children than in nonatopic rhinitic, atopic control and nonatopic control subjects (14.3 6 0.87 vs 9.4 6 0.72, 10.0 6 1.37 and 9.2 6 1.51, P < 0.05, respectively). Both the positive rate of MBPT and the DRS were increased in children with positive skin response to CRM than in those without sensitization (48.2% vs 22.9%, P 0.0001; 15.6 6 1.26 vs 10.2 6 0.65, P 0.0001). Conclusion Bronchial responsiveness is increased in citrus red mite-sensitive children even if they have no asthmatic symptoms.

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Bronchial responsiveness to histamine or methacholine in asthma: measurement and clinical significance

Cited by 708 publications

References 30 publications

Anti‐inflammatory effects of theophylline, cromolyn and salbutamol in a murine model of pleurisy

Anti‐inflammatory effects of theophylline, cromolyn and salbutamol in a murine model of pleurisy

Distribution of peak expiratory flow variability by age, gender and smoking habits in a random population sample aged 20-70 yrs

Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine is increased in citrus red mite (Panonychus citri)‐sensitive children without asthmatic symptoms

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