Bronchial HPV; the good the bad and the unknown

Airway local endoscopic pharmacological treatment; current applications and future concepts

“…Local drug application can be achieved through instillation with a simple or spraying catheter [2]. There are different catheters that one can use for the instillation of a liquid drug in a specific area via bronchoscopic guidance, Small compressors exist that can be used to produce compressed air and with the use of a catheter with specially designed tips one can either instill a drug or spray it with the help of the compressor (Fig.…”

“…Specifically designed needles, used for applying glue in post-operative fistulas within the airways, exist. Moreover, specially designed catheters which produce spray for applying interferon and anti-vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) in the case of endobronchial HPV infections can also be found [2,3]. Other types of catheters can spray biopolymer powder used for hemostasis with the help of a portable air-compressor.…”

Interventional bronchoscopy for HPV 16 and 66 with the use of spraying interferon-α (2b) plus bevacizumab and anti-reflux agent

“…Human papilloma virus (HPV) can diagnosed in the bronchial tree and there are several cases reported [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Depending on the virus strain there are cases of malignant transformation and benign atypia [ 1 , 2 , [4] , [5] , [6] ]. In the case of bulky disease interventional bronchoscopy is the solution for bulky endobronchial disease [ 7 ].…”