Bronchial-arterial interdependence in isolated dog lung

Lai-Fook, S. J.; Kallok, Michael J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.1000

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Embedded in this network are airways and blood vessels, which resist deformation to a greater extent than the surrounding parenchyma. This difference in mechanical properties is an important source of interdependence and explains why in cases of barotrauma extraalveolar air generally tracks along bronchovascular bundles or why edema fluid accumulates in perivascular cuffs (39). Models of parenchymal micromechanics that are based on morphometric analyses of perfusion-fixed tissue specimens consider the helical network of elastin and collagen fibers that form the alveolar ducts as the primary stress-bearing structures (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45).…”

Section: Alveolar Micromechanics Of the Normal Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Stress Failure in Ventilator-injured Lungs

Vlahakis

Hubmayr

2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

188

120

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The clinical and experimental literature has unequivocally established that mechanical ventilation with large tidal volumes is injurious to the lung. However, uncertainty about the micromechanics of injured lungs and the numerous degrees of freedom in ventilator settings leave many unanswered questions about the biophysical determinants of lung injury. In this review we focus on experimental evidence for lung cells as injury targets and the relevance of these studies for human ventilator-associated lung injury. In vitro, the stress-induced mechanical interactions between matrix and adherent cells are important for cellular remodeling as a means for preventing compromise of cell structure and ultimately cell injury or death. In vivo, these same principles apply. Large tidal volume mechanical ventilation results in physical breaks in alveolar epithelial and endothelial plasma membrane integrity and subsequent triggering of proinflammatory signaling cascades resulting in the cytokine milieu and pathologic and physiologic findings of ventilatorassociated lung injury. Importantly, though, alveolar cells possess cellular repair and remodeling mechanisms that in addition to protecting the stressed cell provide potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of ventilator-associated lung injury in the future.

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Section: Alveolar Micromechanics Of the Normal Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Stress Failure in Ventilator-injured Lungs

Vlahakis

Hubmayr

2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

188

120

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“…Different values of modulus of elasticity of the airway have been reported in the literature including 0.01, 0.12, 16,18 0.13, 22 and 5.8 MPa. 23 Experimental studies on the bronchial trees that relate the wall thickness to diameter 23 and pressure-diameter relationship 25 of human airways have shown a value of modulus of elasticity within the proximity of 0.12 MPa at a transpulmonary pressure of 20 cmH 2 O.…”

Section: Iid Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lai-Fook and Kallok 18 studied the interaction between the bronchus, artery, and parenchyma at the local level using a 2D finite element model with the bronchus adjoining the artery. The airway and its location have a pronounced effect on the deformation of the surrounding tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformable image registration of heterogeneous human lung incorporating the bronchial tree

et al. 2010

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Purpose:To investigate the effect of the bronchial tree on the accuracy of biomechanical-based deformable image registration of human lungs. Methods: Three dimensional finite element models have been developed using four dimensional computed tomography image data of ten lung cancer patients. Each model is built of a body, left and right lungs, tumor, and bronchial trees. Triangular shell elements are used for the bronchial trees while tetrahedral elements are used for other components. Hyperelastic material properties based on experimental investigation on human lungs are used for the lung parenchyma. Different material properties are assigned for the bronchial tree using five values for the modulus of elasticity of 0.01, 0.12, 0.5, 10, and 18 MPa. Lungs are modeled to slide inside chest cavities by applying frictionless contact surfaces between each lung and corresponding chest cavity. The accuracy of the models is examined using an average of 40 bronchial bifurcation points identified on inhale and exhale images. Relative accuracy is evaluated by comparing the displacement of all nodes within the lungs as well as the dosimetric difference at the exhale position predicted by the model. Results: There is no significant effect of bronchial tree on the model accuracy based on the bifurcation points analysis. However, on the local level, using an average of 38 000 nodes, there is a maximum difference of 8.5 mm in the deformation of the bronchial trees, as the modulus of elasticity of the bronchial trees increases from 0.01 to 18 MPa; however, more than 96% of nodes are within a 2.5 mm difference in each direction. The average dose difference at the predicted exhale position is less than 35 cGy between the models. Conclusions: The bronchial tree has little effect on the global deformation and the accuracy of deformable image registration of lungs. Hence, the homogenous model is a reasonable assumption. Since there are some local deformation differences between nodes as the material properties of the bronchial tree change that may affect the accuracy of dosimetric results, heterogeneity may be required for a smaller scale modeling of lungs.

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“…Since the pioneering work of Mead et al (Mead et al, 1970) that brought attention to the physiological importance of airway-parenchymal interdependence, there have been numerous studies of this phenomenon (Adler and Bates, 2000;Adler et al, 1998;Benjamin et al, 1974;Dandurand et al, 1993;Khan et al, 2010;Lai-Fook, 1979b;Lai-Fook and Hyatt, 1979;Lai-Fook et al, 1977a;Lai-Fook and Kallok, 1982;Ma and Bates, 2012;Noble et al, 2005;Smith et al, 1984;Wilson, 1972). All theoretical studies to date have assumed the parenchyma to be homogeneous, yet it is well known that substantial heterogeneity and anisotropy can develop in the lung parenchyma in disease (Chapman et al, 2012;Ito et al, 2004;Ito et al, 2007;Kaczka et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence Of Parenchymal Heterogeneity On Airway-Parenchymal Interdependence

Ma¹,

Bates²

2012

B29. The Lung on the Border Between Order and Chaos

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To estimate the influence of parenchymal heterogeneities on airway-parenchymal interdependence, we considered a circular airway embedded within elastic parenchyma modeled as 1) a hexagonal spring network, 2) a triangular spring network, or 3) a continuum. The deformation in the parenchyma due to active airway contraction was simulated using the finite element method. Random perturbations of elastic moduli in the parenchyma did not significantly affect the overall pattern of force transmission. By contrast, when elastic moduli were increased along a path projecting radially outward from the airway, the hexagonal spring network model predicted significantly increased force along this line as the airway contracted, but this was not observed in other two models. These results indicate that tissue heterogeneities generally have minimal effect on the global nature of airway-parenchymal interdependence. However, in the exceptional circumstance of scar tissue aligned radially from the airway wall, parenchymal distortion forces may propagate much farther from the airway wall than was previously thought.

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Bronchial-arterial interdependence in isolated dog lung

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Cellular Stress Failure in Ventilator-injured Lungs

Cellular Stress Failure in Ventilator-injured Lungs

Deformable image registration of heterogeneous human lung incorporating the bronchial tree

Influence Of Parenchymal Heterogeneity On Airway-Parenchymal Interdependence

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