Bromine

Reversible Release and Fixation of Bromine in Vacancy‐Ordered Bromide Perovskites

“…[11] The procedures for industrial bromine production are relatively mature, in which gaseous chlorine is essentially used to acidify and oxidize the natural brines with following purification and concentration on the crude product. [12][13][14][15][16][17] However, the production of bromine that relies on the "blowout approach" of hypertoxic chlorine is quite obscure. [18] Thus, several alternative methods were explored to synthesize bromine without chlorine, [19,20] including adopting TiO 2 as heterogeneous catalyzer for bromine production, [21][22][23] using CeO 2 /ZrO 2 for hydrogen halides oxidation [17] and electrolysis method.…”

Environmental Sustainability of Mixed Cation Perovskite Materials in Photovoltaics Manufacturing

“…We did not consider the impacts of lead­(II) bromide (PbBr 2 ) precursor production because it has many possible synthesis routes, and we could not determine which one would be commercially feasible. However, PbBr 2 can be synthesized using the same PbI 2 process route involving the reaction of a potassium halide and lead nitrate. , In that case, the production processes for halide salts are reasonably similar except the usage of the respective iodine or bromine in upstream potassium halide production . Iodine and bromine production processes have similar environmental impacts on a mass basis, where differences are not statistically significant, across all ReCiPe impact categories in ecoinvent database libraries.…”