Bromine, Bromine Chloride, BCDMH, and Iodine

doi:10.1002/9780470561331.ch16

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(2 citation statements)

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“…Tables S1–S4 summarize inactivation of microorganisms by free bromine, bromamine, and bromine chloride. Bromine disinfection research for water and wastewater largely ended after brominated disinfection byproducts were reported to be detrimental to human health and were found present as a high percentage (39%) of total organic bromine in drinking waters. , There have been few recent investigations of bromine as a water disinfectant, although interest has recently renewed for its application as a point-of-use water treatment in the form of bromine as solid phase hydantoinylated polystyrene resin beads. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bromine and Chlorine Disinfection of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts, Bacillus atrophaeus Spores, and MS2 Coliphage in Water

Coleman

Kim

Bailey

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Conventional water treatment practices utilizing chemical disinfection, especially chlorination, are considered generally effective in producing microbiologically safe drinking water. However, protozoan pathogens such as oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum are very resistant to chlorine, which has led to consideration of alternative disinfectants for their control. Free bromine, HOBr, has not been evaluated extensively as an alternative halogen disinfectant for inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water or reclaimed water for non-potable uses. Bromine is a versatile disinfectant consisting of different chemical forms with persistent microbicidal efficacy under varied water quality conditions and is effective against a range of waterborne microbes of health concern. The objectives of this study are to (1) compare the efficacy of free bromine to free chlorine at similar concentrations (as milligrams per liter) for disinfection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Bacillus atrophaeus spores, and MS2 coliphage in a model buffered water and (2) evaluate the kinetics of inactivation of these microorganisms using appropriate disinfection models. Overall, at a target concentration of ∼5 mg/L, bromine averaged 0.6 log (73.8%) reductions of C. parvum oocyst infectivity after 300 min (CT: 1166 min·mg/L) and produced up to a 0.8 log reduction disinfectant activity. An ∼5.0 mg/L chlorine dose increased oocyst infectivity by only 0.4 log (64%) after 300 min (CT: 895 min·mg/L). Bacillus atrophaeus spores and MS2 coliphage treated with bromine and chlorine were reduced by 4 log10 (99.99%) for both disinfectants over the duration of the experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been only one documented case of free bromine use in a municipal drinking water supply, which was in Irvington, California ca. 1938 . However, its use was discontinued because of the inability to maintain a residual due to the high reactivity of bromine with organic constituents in the water during distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%