Bromine and iodine in the system ?aerosol-plant?

The accumulation of arsenic, bromine and iodine in needles of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies [L.] karst.) At sites with low pollution

“…At mountainous prealpine sites, both the endogenous As concentrations and the needle loadings are substantially lower. These findings coincide with the observed negative correlation of As leaf concentrations with the distance to smelter stacks (Hutchinson et al, 1982;Gabriel and Patten, 1995) and with the reported increase of As concentrations in spruce needles from 46 to 1120 ng g-t when going from low to high pollution sites (Wagner et al, 1985). However, the leaf concentrations are much higher in these cases than those found here.…”

“…Lin et al (1995) found an As surface loading of 14 ng e ~-I with needle age class 1 of Abies balsamea, in perfect agreement with the present mean value of 11 ng g-1 for the same age class. Tobler et al (1994) found a strong positive correlation between the surface loading with Br and with I, in 18 samples from different age classes and 4 sites, which indicates that the composition of the exogenous material (I/Br = 0.4) does not change much with time or with location 9…”

Concentrations of nutritional and trace elements in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) as functions of the needle age class

“…The argument of essentiality does not apply to the other elements of this group. It is suspected that the accumulation of Hg (Maserti and Ferrara, 1991), Br, I (Tobler et al, 1994), and possibly also As is mainly due to foliar uptake with subsequent irreversible binding. Figge (1990) has shown that some gaseous halogenated organic compounds are taken up rapidly through the cuticula.…”

“…Elemental analysis of the needles was done by a) instrumental neutron activation analysis for the trace elements AI, As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, La, and the rare earth elements, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Zn (from 0.1 ng g-1 to 100 #g g-l), and for the macroelements Ca, C1, K, Mn, Si (Wyttenbach et al, 1992). The trace elements Hg and I could be determined only in a reduced number of samples (Tobler et al, 1994). b) ICP-AES for Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr. c) Combustion analysis for N and C.…”

Abiotic Methyl Bromide Formation from Vegetation, and Its Strong Dependence on Temperature

“…Although bromine is not an essential element for plant growth, it is easily absorbed by plants and is found in almost all plant tissue − . Bromine uptake can occur via roots and leaves − . Dry and wet deposition is an important source of halogens to terrestrial ecosystems in coastal environments .…”