Brominated phenols, anisoles, and dioxins present in blue mussels from the Swedish coastline

Löfstrand, Karin; Malmvärn, Anna; Haglund, Peter; Bignert, Anders; Bergman, Åke; Asplund, Lillemor

doi:10.1007/s11356-010-0331-1

Cited by 53 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Elevated levels of those compounds were found in marine organisms (Lofstrand et al, 2010;Malmvarn et al, 2008;Marsh et al, 2004;Houde et al, 2009). Hydroxylated analogues disrupt endocrine functions more than native ones and therefore are of greater environmental concern.…”

Section: Meo/oh-substituted Pcbs/pbdesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDE derivatives in Baltic sea waters reported by several authors (Malmvarn et al, 2008;Lofstrand et al, 2010) might reflect abundance of filamentous alga along its coasts (Bonsdorff et al, 2002). Baltic wildlife could be also exposed on dioxins by way of transformation or some chlorophenols or OH-PCBs formed by way of bio-transformation of native forms (Routti et al, 2008(Routti et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Elevated levels of PBDD/Fs and OH-BDEs in marine organisms like salmon, dolphins, alga or mussels were reported (Lofstrand et al, 2010;Houde et al, 2009;Malmvarn et al, 2008;Marsh et al, 2004). OH-BDEs/OH-CBs in food are also of health concern because they are regarded as strong endocrine disruptors (Canton et al, 2008;Dingemans et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants

Roszko

Szymczyk

Rzepkowska

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Section: Meo/oh-substituted Pcbs/pbdesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants

Roszko

Szymczyk

Rzepkowska

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…in the former case being metabolites of the industrial chemicals, the PBDEs, and in the latter case originating from biosynthesis by marine organisms (Capon et al, 1981;Carté and Faulkner, 1981;Hakk and Letcher, 2003;Malmberg et al, 2005;Marsh et al, 2006). A number of naturally occurring OH-PBDEs have been structurally identified with the common feature that the hydroxy group is attached to one of the ortho-positions in the PBDE structure Teuten et al, 2005;Wan et al, 2009;Löfstrand et al, 2010;Nordlof et al, 2010). A major natural product, the 6-OH-BDE-47, is shown in Figure 17, but several other OH-PBDEs are known as natural products.…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Food

2011

EFS2

195

147

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. PBDEs are additive flame retardants which are applied in plastics, textiles, electronic castings and circuitry. PBDEs are ubiquitously present in the environment and likewise in biota and in food and feed. Data from the analysis of 19 PBDE congeners in 3,971 food samples were provided to EFSA by 11 European countries. Eight congeners were considered by the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) to be of primary interest: . The highest dietary exposure is to . Toxicity studies were carried out with technical PBDE mixtures or individual congeners. Main targets were the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and nervous system. PBDEs cause DNA damage through the induction of reactive oxygen species. The Panel identified effects on neurodevelopment as the critical endpoint, and derived benchmark doses (BMDs) and their corresponding lower 95 % confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10 %, BMDL 10 s, for a number of PBDE congeners: BDE-47, 309 μg/kg b.w.; BDE-99, 12 μg/kg b.w.; BDE-153, 83 μg/kg b.w.; BDE-209, 1,700 μg/kg b.w. Due to the limitations and uncertainties in the current database, the Panel concluded that it was inappropriate to use these BMDLs to establish health based guidance values, and instead used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the health risk assessment. Since elimination characteristics of PBDE congeners in animals and humans differ considerably, the Panel used the body burden as starting point for the MOE approach. The CONTAM Panel concluded that for BDE-47, -153 and -209 current dietary exposure in the EU does not raise a health concern. For BDE-99 there is a potential health concern with respect to current dietary exposure. 4 The term "intra-species" has been replaced by "inter-species" in the Summary and in Chapter 9.1. The chemical stability of the PBDE congeners varies with the individual structure. In general PBDE congeners with up to three bromine substituents and those with nine or ten bromine substituents are more sensitive to abiotic transformations. PBDE congeners with four to eight bromine substituents show the highest stability. PBDE congeners are particularly susceptible to photolysis, reductive debromination and radical reactions whereas they are less susceptible to oxidation and hydrolysis. In general, PBDE congeners are persistent and bioaccumulative with the exception of BDE-209 bioaccumulative properties of which seem to be species dependent. BDE-209 undergoes debromination reactions both in the abiotic environment and in biota, leading to formation of PBDE congeners containing seven to nine bromine atoms. © European Food SafetyBased on the composition of the technical PBDE mixtures, occurrence in the environment and in food, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) considered the following eight PBDE congeners to be of primary interest: which are relevant for dietary PBDE exposur...

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“…PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs and OH-PBDEs were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture negative ion chemical ionization (ECNI)-mass spectrometry (MS), 5) and the PBDDs were analyzed by GC-high resolution (magnetic sector)-MS.…”

Section: Target Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Powerful GC-TOF-MS Techniques for Screening, Identification and Quantification of Halogenated Natural Products

et al. 2013

Self Cite

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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC TOFMS) and gas chromatography/high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRT) were used to detect and identify halogenated natural products (HNPs) in tissue homogenate, in this case brominated analytes present in a marine snail. Two classes of brominated anthropogenic compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and brominated dibenzofurans, were analyzed for comparison. Following conventional preparation, the sample was analyzed using GC×GC-TOF-MS. Isotope ratio scripts were used to compile a list of putatively brominated analytes from amongst the thousands of features resolved in the twodimensional chromatogram. The structured nature of the chromatogram was exploited to propose identifications for several classes of brominated compounds, and include additional candidates that fell marginally outside the script tolerances. The sample was subsequently analyzed by GC-HRT. The high-resolution mass spectral data confirmed many formula assignments, facilitated confident assignment of an alternate formula when an original proposal did not hold, and enabled unknown identification. Identified HNPs include hydroxylated and methoxylated PBDE analogs, polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and hydroxyl-PBDDs, permitting the environmental occurrence and fate of such compounds to be studied.

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Brominated phenols, anisoles, and dioxins present in blue mussels from the Swedish coastline

Cited by 53 publications

References 62 publications

Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants

Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Food

Powerful GC-TOF-MS Techniques for Screening, Identification and Quantification of Halogenated Natural Products

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