Brominated flame retardants in the Arctic environment — trends and new candidates

Biomagnification of Higher Brominated PBDE Congeners in an Urban Terrestrial Food Web in North China Based on Field Observation of Prey Deliveries

“…A predominance of BDE-47 in aquatic-feeding species has been demonstrated in previous studies. 5 Biomagnification of PBDEs. Few studies have demonstrated the biomagnification of PBDEs in terrestrial food web.…”

Emission patterns and risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and bromophenols in water and sediments from the Beijiang River, South China

“…As a flame retardant, TBBPA is widely used as reactive flame retardant which is covalently bound to polymers and thus less easily released to the environment than non-bound PBDEs (de Wit et al, 2010). This might be one reason for low levels of TBBPA generally detected in the environment in comparison with PBDEs, which are additive flame retardants and blended with polymers.…”

“…TBP may also be formed as a byproduct of TBBPA, either in its photo-oxidation, chemical oxidation and biodegradation in water and sediments (An et al, 2011b;Wang et al, 2015b) or from the decomposition of plastics (Polo et al, 2006). In contrast to PBDEs, TBBPA is used primarily as a reactive flame retardant which is covalently bound to polymers and thus less easily released into the environment (de Wit et al, 2010). However, both additive and reactive TBBPA can be released into the environment from products which has been frequently detected in air, water, sediments, soil and human tissues (Nakao et al, 2015;Ni and Zeng, 2013;Wang et al, 2015a;Xiong et al, 2015).…”

Halogenated flame retardants in home-produced eggs from an electronic waste recycling region in South China: Levels, composition profiles, and human dietary exposure assessment

“…To meet the stringent fire safety regulations, several non-regulated HFRs, e.g., Dechlorane Plus (DP), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (PTBX), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and pentabromotoluene (PBT), are considered to be the alternatives for the restricted or discontinued HFRs in some applications (Covaci et al, 2011;de Wit et al, 2010). Although studies on the environmental behavior of the alternative HFRs (AHFRs) are scarce, the limited information demonstrated that, analogous to the regulated HFRs, these AHFRs may also be toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative, and subject to long-range transport with global scale significance (de Wit et al, 2006;Möller et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2011).…”