Brominated flame retardants (BFRs): A review on environmental contamination in China

Yu, Gang; Bu, Qingwei; Cao, Zhiguo; Du, Xinming; Xia, Jing; Wu, Min; Huang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.034

Cited by 212 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Taizhou is known to be a PBDEspolluted area because it has been a site of primary treatment of e-waste for several decades. Previous studies reported high levels of PBDEs in soil, sediment and air samples from this area, with BDE-209 as the dominant congener (Han et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2016). High levels of PBDEs have also been found in wildlife and domestic animals in this area (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2015Qin et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011), suggesting that Taizhou would be an appropriate locale for investigating the bioaccumulation of PBDEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The production of deca-BDEs has ceased in some European countries and in the USA, but they are still used in some developing countries, including China and South Africa (Abafe and Martincigh, 2015;Wan et al, 2013). Despite a declining trend in the levels of PBDEs observed in certain regions, this group of persistent pollutants is still detectable in various environmental media and biotic samples (Baron et al, 2015;Hassan et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2015). It has been demonstrated that PBDEs adversely affect the developing brain, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders (Costa et al, 2014(Costa et al, , 2016Kodavanti et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Zhao

Qin

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tThis study aimed to investigate the accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the brain compared with that in other tissues among different vertebrates. We collected mice, chickens, ducks, frogs, and fish from an e-waste recycling region in Taizhou, China, and measured PBDE concentrations in brain, liver and muscle tissues. The levels of PBDE in the tissues of mice, chickens, ducks, frogs and fish ranged 0.45e206, 0.06e18.8, 1.83e112, 2.75e108, and 0.02e32.0 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Preferential distribution in the liver and muscle relative to the brain was observed for PBDEs in mice, chickens, ducks and frogs. However, a high retention in the brain compared to the liver and muscle was observed in fish. Comparison of the brain/liver concentration (B/L) ratios revealed differences in PBDEs accumulation in the brain among these vertebrates. PBDEs accumulation in the brain was greatest in fish, followed by frogs, while the lowest accumulation occurred in the brains of mammals and birds. The findings apparently coincided with the evolution of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) across vertebrates, i.e. the BBB of fish might be less efficient than those of mammals, birds and amphibian. Low brominated congeners (such as BDE-28, BDE-47 and BDE-99) were predominant in the brains of investigated vertebrates, whereas BDE-209 was most abundant in liver and muscle tissues of mice, chickens and ducks. Significant differences in B/L ratios among PBDE congeners were found in both mice and chickens (p < 0.05). Particularly in mice, the B/L ratios of PBDE congeners presented a declining trend with increased bromine number. Our findings suggested that low brominated congeners might have a higher capacity to penetrate the BBB and accumulate in the brain, whereas high brominated congeners such as BDE-209 might have less potency to pass through the barrier. Further experimental studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Zhao

Qin

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are most commonly produced and consumed brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in China, with production volumes of 18 000, 7500, and 36 000 metric tons in 2006, respectively . TBBPA could be used as reactive or additive BFR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and fast analysis of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane isomers, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum using solid‐phase extraction or QuEChERS extraction followed by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to HPLC and GC

Tian

Wang

et al. 2016

J of Separation Science

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Two simplified sample preparation procedures for simultaneous extraction and clean-up of tetrabromobisphenol A, α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human serum were developed and validated. The first procedure was based on solid-phase extraction. Sample extraction, purification, and lipid removal were carried out directly on an Oasis HLB cartridge. The second procedure was a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe-based approach using octadecyl-modified silica particles as a sorbent. After sample extraction and cleanup, tetrabromobisphenol A/hexabromocyclododecane was separated from polybrominated diphenyl ethers by using a Si-based cartridge. Tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane were then detected by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, while polybrominated diphenyl ethers were detected by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results of the spike recovery test using fetal bovine serum showed that the average recoveries of the analytes ranged from 87.3 to 115.3% with relative standard deviations equal to or lower than 13.4 %. Limits of detection of the analytes were in the range of 0.4-19 pg/mL except for decabromodiphenyl ether. The developed method was successfully applied to routine analysis of human serum samples from occupational workers and the general population. Extremely high serum polybrominated diphenyl ethers levels up to 3.32 × 10 ng/g lipid weight were found in occupational workers.

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“…However in the last decade, evidences for toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of brominated organic compounds have been accumulating, as well as for their persistency into the environment234567. These compounds, due to their physicochemical properties and chemical stability, are chiefly used as flame retardants in a large variety of products (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical conversion of brominated POPs into useful oxybromides: a greener approach

Cagnetta

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Brominated organic pollutants are considered of great concern for their adverse effect on human health and the environment, so an increasing number of such compounds are being classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Mechanochemical destruction is a promising technology for POPs safe disposal because it can achieve their complete carbonization by solvent-free high energy ball milling at room temperature. However, a large amount of co-milling reagent usually is necessary, so a considerable volume of residue is produced. In the present study a different approach to POPs mechanochemical destruction is proposed. Employing stoichiometric quantities of Bi2O3 or La2O3 as co-milling reagent, brominated POPs are selectively and completely converted into their corresponding oxybromides (i.e. BiOBr and LaOBr), which possess very peculiar properties and can be used for some actual and many more potential applications. In this way, bromine is beneficially reused in the final product, while POPs carbon skeleton is safely destroyed to amorphous carbon. Moreover, mechanochemical destruction is employed in a greener and more sustainable manner.

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs): A review on environmental contamination in China

Cited by 212 publications

References 146 publications

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Simple and fast analysis of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane isomers, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum using solid‐phase extraction or QuEChERS extraction followed by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to HPLC and GC

Mechanochemical conversion of brominated POPs into useful oxybromides: a greener approach

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