Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation

Soltermann, Fabian; Abegglen, Christian; Götz, Christian; Gunten, Urs von

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b01142

Cited by 135 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…and effects of initial Brconcentrations on this phase were minor. This is in agreement with the data of previous studies (Chon et al 2015, Soltermann et al 2016, which observed a negligible bromate yield (≤3%) for O 3 /DOC ratios < 0.4-0.6 mg O 3 /mg…”

Section: Evolution Of Dom Molecular Weight During Ozonationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of UV absorbance and fluorescence indicators to assess the formation of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and bromate during ozonation

Cao

Young

et al. 2017

Water Research

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This study examined the significance of changes of UV absorbance and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as surrogate indicators for assessing the formation of bromate and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) during the ozonation of surface water and wastewater effluent. Spectroscopic monitoring was carried out using benchtop UV/Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers and a newly developed miniature LED UV/fluorescence sensor capable of rapidly measuring UVA280 and protein-like and humic-like fluorescence. With the increase of O/DOC mass ratio, the plots of BDOC formation were characterized of initial lag, transition slope and final plateau. With the decrease of UV absorbance and fluorescence, BDOC concentrations initially increased slowly and then rose more noticeably. Inflection points in plots of BDOC versus changes of spectroscopic indicators were close to 35-45% loss of UVA254 or UVA280 and 75-85% loss of humic-like fluorescence. According to the data from size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with organic carbon detection and 2D synchronous correlation analyses, DOM fractions assigned to operationally defined large biopolymers (apparent molecular weight, AMW>20 kDa) and medium AMW humic substances (AMW 5.5-20 kDa) were transformed into medium-size building blocks (AMW 3-5.5 kDa) and other smaller AMW species (AMW<3 kDa) associated with BDOC at increasing O/DOC ratios. Appreciable bromate formation was observed only after the values of UVA254, UVA280 and humic-like fluorescence in O-treated samples were decreased by 45-55%, 50-60% and 86-92% relative to their respective initial levels. No significant differences in plots of bromate concentrations versus decreases of humic-like fluorescence were observed for surface water and wastewater effluent samples. This was in contrast with the plots of bromate concentration versus UVA254 and UVA280 which exhibited sensitivity to varying initial bromide concentrations in the investigated water matrixes. These results suggest that measurements of humic-like fluorescence can provide a useful supplement to UVA indices for characterization of ozonation processes.

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Section: Evolution Of Dom Molecular Weight During Ozonationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of UV absorbance and fluorescence indicators to assess the formation of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and bromate during ozonation

Cao

Young

et al. 2017

Water Research

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“…The concentration of bromide in drinking water resources may vary widely in the range of µg L -1 to mg L -1 (Flury and Papritz 1993, Magazinovic et al 2004, Salhi and von Gunten 1999, Soltermann et al 2016). In Lake Zürich water, the background bromide concentration is relatively low (approximately 15 µg L -1 ).…”

Section: Role Of Bromide Concentration For Micropollutant Abatementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of operational and water quality parameters on conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation process O3/H2O2: Kinetics of micropollutant abatement, transformation product and bromate formation in a surface water

Bourgin

Borowska

Helbing³

et al. 2017

Water Research

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140

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The efficiency of ozone-based processes under various conditions was studied for the treatment of a surface water (Lake Zürich water, Switzerland) spiked with 19 micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemical, X-ray contrast medium, sweetener) each at 1 μg L. Two pilot-scale ozonation reactors (4-5 m h), a 4-chamber reactor and a tubular reactor, were investigated by either conventional ozonation and/or the advanced oxidation process (AOP) O/HO. The effects of selected operational parameters, such as ozone dose (0.5-3 mg L) and HO dose (O:HO = 1:3-3:1 (mass ratio)), and selected water quality parameters, such as pH (6.5-8.5) and initial bromide concentration (15-200 μg L), on micropollutant abatement and bromate formation were investigated. Under the studied conditions, compounds with high second-order rate constants k>10 M s for their reaction with ozone were well abated (>90%) even for the lowest ozone dose of 0.5 mg L. Conversely, the abatement efficiency of sucralose, which only reacts with hydroxyl radicals (OH), varied between 19 and 90%. Generally, the abatement efficiency increased with higher ozone doses and higher pH and lower bromide concentrations. HO addition accelerated the ozone conversion to OH, which enables a faster abatement of ozone-resistant micropollutants. Interestingly, the abatement of micropollutants decreased with higher bromide concentrations during conventional ozonation due to competitive ozone-consuming reactions, except for lamotrigine, due to the suspected reaction of HOBr/OBr with the primary amine moieties. In addition to the abatement of micropollutants, the evolution of the two main transformation products (TPs) of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and tramadol (TRA), chlorothiazide (CTZ) and tramadol N-oxide (TRA-NOX), respectively, was assessed by chemical analysis and kinetic modeling. Both selected TPs were quickly formed initially to reach a maximum concentration followed by a decrease of their concentrations for longer contact times. For the studied conditions, the TP's concentrations at the outlet of the reactors ranged from 0 to 61% of the initial parent compound concentration, CTZ being a more persistent TP against further oxidation than TRA-NOX. Finally, it was demonstrated in both reactors that the formation of bromate (BrO), a potentially carcinogenic oxidation by-product, could be controlled by HO addition with a general improvement on micropollutant abatement. Post-treatment by granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration enabled the reduction of micropollutants and TPs concentrations but no changes in bromate were observed. The combined algae assay showed that water quality was significantly improved after oxidation and GAC post-treatment, driven by the abatement of the spiked pesticides (diuron and atrazine).

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“…Figure 4 shows, that under the current experimental conditions, Cr(VI) concentrations of 10 μg/L are only reached for specific ozone doses > 1.25 gO 3 /gDOC. However, these specific ozone doses are significantly higher than those applied in practice to achieve overall 80% micropollutant abatement without a significant bromate formation (Soltermann et al 2016;Soltermann et al 2017). Typically, specific O 3 doses between 0.5-0.6 gO 3 /gDOC are optimal to achieve the best overall goal (Bourgin et al 2018).…”

Section: Oxidation Of Cr(iii) By Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Cr(III) during Ozonation of Secondary Municipal Wastewater Effluent

Katsoyiannis

Gachet

Gunten

2018

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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In the present study, the fate of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) during ozonation of ultrapurified water and wastewater effluent was investigated. In experiments conducted in phosphate buffered ultrapurified water, O 3 alone in excess was inefficient to oxidize Cr(III) (only about 10-15 % of total Cr(III) content), while in presence of the secondary oxidant, OH radical, almost all Cr(III) was oxidized to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). In a wastewater effluent, spiked with Cr(III), only about 10 to 20% of Cr(III) was oxidized with specific ozone doses in the range 0.15 to 1.5 gO 3 /gDOC, although O 3 and OH radical were both available for reaction. Cr(VI) formation was monitored in parallel with the abatement of some common micropollutants, reacting with differing apparent second order rate constants with ozone, decreasing in the order carbamazepine>> benzotriazole> atrazine> pCBA. Carbamazepine and benzotriazole were abated to > 80% for specific O 3 doses of 0.3 gO 3 /gDOC, and 0.8 gO 3 /gDOC, respectively. The more ozone-resistant compounds (atrazine and pCBA) required a specific ozone dose of about 1.25 gO 3 /gDOC for the same relative abatement. At this specific ozone dose (i.e., 1.25 gO 3 /gDOC) only about 20% of Cr(III) was oxidized to Cr(VI), whereas, only 10% of Cr(III) was oxidized to Cr(VI) at a more realistic specific ozone dose for enhanced wastewater treatment for micropollutant abatement (0.5 gO 3 /gDOC). Therefore, for typical Cr(III) levels in municipal wastewaters, effluent ozonation only leads to toxicologically insignificant Cr(VI) concentrations.

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Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation

Cited by 135 publications

References 49 publications

Application of UV absorbance and fluorescence indicators to assess the formation of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and bromate during ozonation

Application of UV absorbance and fluorescence indicators to assess the formation of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and bromate during ozonation

Effect of operational and water quality parameters on conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation process O3/H2O2: Kinetics of micropollutant abatement, transformation product and bromate formation in a surface water

Fate of Cr(III) during Ozonation of Secondary Municipal Wastewater Effluent

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