Bromate Environmental Contamination: Review of Impact and Possible Treatment

Butler, R.; Godley, A.; Lytton, Lucy; Cartmell, Elise

doi:10.1080/10643380590917888

Cited by 196 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Conventionally, BrO 3 − can be removed by various technologies including filtration, photocatalysis, arc discharge, chemical reduction, activated carbon techniques, and biological remediation [4][5][6][7]. Among these technologies, the iron-based chemical reduction and biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment has been well discussed in the research papers [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Bromate (Bromentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of Bromate by a Pd Modified Carbon Fiber Electrode: Kinetics and Mechanism

Mao

Zhao

2014

Electrochimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tThe electroreduction of bromate (BrO 3 − ) was investigated at a Pd modified carbon fiber (Pd/C) electrode prepared from PdCl 2 via electrodeposition method. Pd particles distributed on the carbon fiber substrate uniformly. Under various cathode potentials, electroreduction removal of BrO 3 − at pure carbon fiber electrode and the Pd/C electrode were firstly compared. It was observed that nearly no BrO 3 − removal was observed within the bias potential of -2.0 V at the carbon fiber electrode. At the Pd/C electrode, the removal efficiency of BrO 3 − was sharply increased from 24.0% to 58.4% at the cathode potential of -1.0 to -1.5 V, which was further increased to be 87.2% at -2.0 V. The electrochemical reduction of BrO 3 − was strongly pH-dependent at -0.5 V and the reduction rate could be enhanced at low pH. While at the potential of -2.0 V, a slight pH effect was observed. BrO 3 − electroreduction follows pseudo first-order kinetics; the rate constant k was firstly increased from 0.016 to 0.031 min −1 with the increase of the Pd loading amount from 0.31 to 0.73 mg/cm 2 , and then was decreased to 0.018 min −1 at a higher Pd loading amount of 1.05 mg/cm 2 . The Pd(0) nanoparticles played a significant role in forming atomic H* to realize indirect BrO 3 − reduction. The electrochemical reduction of BrO 3 − produces accumulated intermediates of HOBr and OBr − , which were subsequently reduced to Br − with the time evolution.

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Section: Bromate (Bromentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of Bromate by a Pd Modified Carbon Fiber Electrode: Kinetics and Mechanism

Mao

Zhao

2014

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Contamination of drinking water with bromates(V) (BrO 3 -) is usually associated with the formation of disinfection by-products during ozonation of waters containing bromides (Br , while for RO process the average retention coefficient of 97% is obtained [10]. Prados-Ramirez et al [11] observed the 77% removal of BrO 3 -and 63% of Br -using NF membrane for the treatment of river water at the initial concentration of BrO 3 -amounted to 300 µg/dm 3 .…”

Section: Removal Of Anionic Micropollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Micropollutants Removal by Means of Membrane Processes - State of the Art

Bodzek¹

2013

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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A number of inorganic anions and metals, especially heavy metals, at certain conditions, have been found in potentially harmful concentrations in numerous water sources. The maximum permissible levels of these compounds, in drinking water and wastewaters discharged to environment, set by the WHO and a number of countries are very low (from µg/dm 3 to a few mg/dm 3 ). Several common treatment technologies, which are nowadays used for removal of inorganic contaminants from natural water supplies, represent serious exploitation problems. Membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration in integrated systems, Donnan dialysis and electrodialysis as well as membrane bioreactors, if properly selected, offer the advantage of producing high quality drinking water without inorganic substances as well as purified wastewater which can be drained off to natural water sources.

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“…The second system under study is the chemical formation of bromate by an ozonation process in a drinking water treatment plant [3,4]. The ozonation is used in drinking water production as a disinfection step which can be complicated by the presence of bromide, Br − , reacting with the ozone, O 3 , potentially leading to the formation of bromates, BrO − 3 , [10].…”

Section: Model Bromide/bromatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…T , using the Markov parameters corresponding to j = 0, 1, 2, 3, we identify the parameters {k 2 , k 3 , k 4 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 …”

Section: Model Aklmentioning

confidence: 99%

On identifiability for chemical systems from measurable variables

et al. 2013

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The dynamics of the composition of chemical species in reacting systems can be characterized by a set of autonomous differential equations derived from mass conservation principles and some elementary hypothesis related to chemical reactivity. These sets of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are basically non-linear, their complexity grows as much increases the number of substances present in the reacting media and can be characterized by a set of phenomenological constants (kinetic rate constants) which contains all the relevant information about the physical system. The determination of these kinetic constants is critical for the design or control of chemical systems from a technological point of view but the non-linear nature of the ODEs implies that there are hidden correlations between the parameters which maybe can be revealed with a identifiability analysis.

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Bromate Environmental Contamination: Review of Impact and Possible Treatment

Cited by 196 publications

References 65 publications

Electrochemical Reduction of Bromate by a Pd Modified Carbon Fiber Electrode: Kinetics and Mechanism

Electrochemical Reduction of Bromate by a Pd Modified Carbon Fiber Electrode: Kinetics and Mechanism

Inorganic Micropollutants Removal by Means of Membrane Processes - State of the Art

On identifiability for chemical systems from measurable variables

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