Broken houses: Science and development in the African Savannahs

Williams, Brian; Campbell, Catherine; Williams, Roy

doi:10.1007/bf02217294

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There is therefore an inbuilt source of conflict when an organization decides to continue its research where local farmers are trying to control the pest. The effects of this unequal contest upon the Nguruman communities ability and interest in maintaining tsetse control are described by Ole Katampoi (1994) and Williams et al (1995).…”

Section: What Next?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For a brief period (January to March 1991) the project was also responsible for tsetse control in the Sampu woodland, with a total of 450 traps deployed in Sampu, Kalema, Pakaase and the Ewaso Ngiro Swamp. However, due to a conflict of interest between ICIPE and the community project (Williams et al, 1995), the community project was terminated in March 1993. Subsequently only traps in the Sampu woodland were maintained to a varying degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes over twelve years in populations of Glossina pallidipes and Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) subject to varying trapping pressure at Nguruman, south-west Kenya

Brightwell

Dransfield

Stevenson

et al. 1997

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Long term changes in the size of populations of the tsetse Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti were monitored over a 12 year period at Nguruman in south-western Kenya. Tsetse populations were subject to droughts of varying intensity and, from 1987, to trapping, initially by a research organization, and later by a community-based development project. Populations were mainly sampled using odour-baited biconical traps, with data from other monitoring traps corrected accordingly. Mark-release-recapture studies were carried out to relate trap catches to absolute population size, and to quantify movement between subpopulations. Trypanosomiasis incidence rates in a herd of local cattle were also monitored for much of this period. Trap catches were shown to be well correlated with estimates of absolute population size, with no evidence of any seasonal change in trap efficiency. The intensity of trapping and level of seasonal immigration appeared to be the main determinants of population trends, with effective control being achieved when traps were well maintained. Movement between the two lowland subpopulations was shown to be greater for females, and to be inversely related to temperature. An analytical model was used to investigate the responses of a partially isolated population to trapping pressure. Predictions of a deterministic simulation model demonstrated that the observed changes are consistent with an adult trapping mortality of 4-8% per day, and immigration of 100,000 G. pallidipes females per month in the long rains (April and May), 5000 per month in the short rains (November), and about 500 per month during the dry seasons. Trypanosomiasis incidence in local cattle was greatly reduced during the period of community-based tsetse control. When tsetse were sampled exactly where the cattle were grazing, disease incidence was shown to be linearly related to G. pallidipes catches. Arguments for trap resistance and residual populations were examined, and found to be inconsistent with the data. The future for tsetse control by the Nguruman community is considered.

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Section: What Next?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes over twelve years in populations of Glossina pallidipes and Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) subject to varying trapping pressure at Nguruman, south-west Kenya

Brightwell

Dransfield

Stevenson

et al. 1997

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The successes and failures of intervention programs for improving health through household and community water and sanitation programs, agricultural projects, or tropical disease management have been studied in detail (116)(117)(118)(119)(120). These experiences, and more recent ones with improved stove programs, show how ignoring the complexities of individual and household behavior when public health is interconnected with household-level technology and daily life can result in well-intended programs that may either face resistance during implementation or not achieve their intended goals (46,85,87).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs.

Ezzati

Kammen

2002

Environ Health Perspect

387

268

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Globally, almost 3 billion people rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung) and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. Exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) from the combustion of solid fuels is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the relationship between IAP exposure and disease and on interventions for reducing exposure and disease. We take an environmental health perspective and consider the details of both exposure and health effects that are needed for successful intervention strategies. We also identify knowledge gaps and detailed research questions that are essential in successful design and dissemination of preventive measures and policies. In addition to specific research recommendations, we conclude that given the interaction of housing, household energy, and day-to-day household activities in determining exposure to indoor smoke, research and development of effective interventions can benefit tremendously from integration of methods and analysis tools from a range of disciplines in the physical, social, and health sciences.

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“…The successes and failures of intervention programs for improving health through household and community water and sanitation programs, agricultural projects, or tropical disease management have been studied in some detail (125)(126)(127)(128)(129). These experiences, and more recent ones with improved-stove programs, show that overlooking the complexities of individual and household behavior when public health is interconnected with household-level technology and daily life can result in well-intended programs that may either face resistance during implementation or not achieve their intended goals (95,97,107).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Energy, Indoor Air Pollution, and Health in Developing Countries: Knowledge Base for Effective Interventions

Ezzati

Kammen

2002

Annu. Rev. Energy. Environ.

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▪ Abstract Globally, almost three billion people rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung) and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. Exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels is an important cause of disease and mortality in developing countries. Despite recent advances in estimating the health impacts of indoor smoke, there are limited studies targeted toward the design and implementation of effective intervention programs. We review the current knowledge of the relationship between indoor air pollution and disease, and of the assessment of interventions for reducing exposure and disease. This review takes an environmental health perspective and considers the details of both exposure and health effects that are needed for successful intervention strategies. In particular, we summarize the emerging understanding of the central role of household energy technology and day-to-day household activities in determining exposure to indoor smoke. We also identify knowledge gaps and detailed research questions that are essential in successful design and dissemination of preventive measures and policies. In addition to specific research recommendations based on the weight of recent studies, we conclude that research and development of effective interventions can benefit tremendously from integration of methods and analysis tools from a range of disciplines—from quantitative environmental science and engineering, to toxicology and epidemiology, to the social sciences.

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Broken houses: Science and development in the African Savannahs

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Changes over twelve years in populations of Glossina pallidipes and Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) subject to varying trapping pressure at Nguruman, south-west Kenya

Changes over twelve years in populations of Glossina pallidipes and Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) subject to varying trapping pressure at Nguruman, south-west Kenya

The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs.

Household Energy, Indoor Air Pollution, and Health in Developing Countries: Knowledge Base for Effective Interventions

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