Brofaromine ? a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use

Volz, Hans-Peter; Gleiter, Christoph H.; Waldmeier, P. C.; Struck, Michael; Möller, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.1007/bf01292628

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The first molecule of this family to be registered was moclobemide, developed at Hoffmann-La Roche by W. Wurkard and Moussa Youdim, though it always had to bear the reputation of limited clinical antidepressant effectiveness [52,53]. Later, brofaromine was registered, though for the same reason it did not come onto the market [54,55]. Also marketed, within the group of classic or irreversible MAOIs, was a selective inhibitor of MAO-B, deprenyl, prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, together with levodopa and peripheral inhibitors of dopa-decarboxylase.…”

Section: The Saga Moves Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoaminergic Neurotransmission: The History of the Discovery of Antidepressants from 1950s Until Today

López-Muñoz

Álamo²

2009

CPD

352

204

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The 1950s saw the clinical introduction of the first two specifically antidepressant drugs: iproniazid, a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor that had been used in the treatment of tuberculosis, and imipramine, the first drug in the tricyclic antidepressant family. Iproniazid and imipramine made two fundamental contributions to the development of psychiatry: one of a social-health nature, consisting in an authentic change in the psychiatric care of depressive patients; and the other of a purely pharmacological nature, since these agents have constituted an indispensable research tool for neurobiology and psychopharmacology, permitting, among other things, the postulation of the first aetiopathogenic hypotheses of depressive disorders. The clinical introduction of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the late 1980s, once again revolutionized therapy for depression, opening the way for new families of antidepressants. The present work reviews, from a historical perspective, the entire process that led to the discovery of these drugs, as well as their contribution to the development of the neuroscientific disciplines. However, all of these antidepressants, like the rest of those currently available for clinical practice, share the same action mechanism, which involves the modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission at a synaptic level, so that the future of antidepressant therapy would seem to revolve around the search for extraneuronal non-aminergic mechanisms or mechanisms that modulate the intraneuronal biochemical pathways.

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Section: The Saga Moves Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoaminergic Neurotransmission: The History of the Discovery of Antidepressants from 1950s Until Today

López-Muñoz

Álamo²

2009

CPD

352

204

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“…All cases involving moclobemide were mixed drug overdose, where the other drugs concurrently ingested included alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide, carbamazepine, alcohol, diazepam, cannabis, amphetamine, maprotiline and/ or temazepam or multi-drug combinations. No cases involving brofaromine were reported [48]. Only one published case involved clorgyline.…”

Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is because they affect the brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter system through selective and reversible inhibition of MAO preferentially of type A [7,9,17,19,25,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin syndrome and drug combinations: focus on MAOI and RIMA

Hilton

Maradit

Möller

1997

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Nuerosci

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Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening complication of psychopharmacological drug therapy. The syndrome is produced most often by the concurrent use of two or more drugs that increase brainstem serotonin activity and is often unrecognized because of the varied and nonspecific nature of its symptomatology. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by alterations in cognition, behavior, autonomic nervous system function and neuromuscular activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that any serotomimetic substance alone or in combination may give rise to serotonin syndrome, that this condition is not confined to the use of newly introduced substances, and that the newer reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase type A (RIMAs) are at decreased risk for this phenomenon than older, classical (irreversible) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). This is a hypothesis-generating study based on a review of all published cases of adverse effects arising in patients receiving serotomimetic substances or combinations. A wide range of substances were involved in 226 cases published worldwide since 1950 where there was any use of single or combined serotomimetic treatments. Of the 226 cases, 105 fulfilled the Sternbach criteria for serotonin syndrome. Some classes of drugs and individual substances were more commonly represented. This may arise from product utilization patterns or from the specific properties of the individual products. However, moclobemide, a RIMA, was represented in only 9 of the 226 published cases and 3 of the 105 defined serotonin syndromes, either in multi-drug combinations and/or in mixed drug overdose. One explanation for the small number of cases involving RIMAs could be the reversibility of these new products. In addition the small number of reports on moclobemide could be an effect of its short availability in routine use during the period of the literature review. We conclude that a spectrum of serotonergic hyperactivity, through to a defined serotonin syndrome, may arise from the use or combination of any serotomimetic substance, as this is a consequence of the mechanism involved, rather than the use of any specific product such as the new antidepressants. We further conclude that this condition is not confined to the use of newly introduced substances and that the newer reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase type A (RIMAs) may be at decreased risk for this phenomenon than older, classical (irreversible) (MAOI). Given that a spectrum of serotonergic hyperactivity was observed, this analysis prompts redefinition of the currently accepted criteria for serotonin syndrome.

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“…50,51 Later, brofaromine was registered, although for the same reason it did not come onto the market. 52,53 Within the group of classic or irreversible MAOIs, deprenyl, a selective inhibitor of MAO-B, prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson disease, together with levodopa and peripheral inhibitors of D-decarboxylase, was also marketed.…”

Section: Decline Of the Clinical Use Of Maoismentioning

confidence: 99%