Broccoli residue-derived nitrogen immobilization following amendments of organic carbon: An incubation study

Congreves, Katelyn A.; Voroney, R. P.; O’Halloran, I. P.; Eerd, Laura L. Van

doi:10.4141/cjss2011-092

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(33 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A pattern of N immobilization followed by re-mineralization with used cooking oil or "fat oil grease" amendments has been found in previous laboratory [11] and field [26] research. In the present study, N immobilized in the OCA-oil after broccoli harvest in autumn could have re-mineralized for the subsequent spring wheat plant uptake.…”

Section: Spring Wheat Productionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Cole crop 1 in the field at harvest [2,3], and post-harvest mineral N losses are more related to crop residue N rather than N fertilizer remaining in the soil [3]. Considering that 35 to 60% of broccoli crop residue N has been found to mineralize in controlled incubation studies [10,11], and that the crop residue may contain up to 330 kg N ha 1 [1], then up to 198 kg N ha 1 would be mineralized in the field after harvest from broccoli crop residue [11]. Thus, cole crop residue poses a significant risk for N losses due to the large quantity of mineralizable N in the post-harvest season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

Congreves¹,

Vyn²,

Eerd³

2014

Agricultural Resource Use and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Cole crops (Brassica vegetables) can pose a significant risk for N losses during the post-harvest period due to substantial amounts of readily mineralizable N in crop residues. Amending the soil with organic C has the potential to immobilize N and thereby reduce the risk for N losses. Four field trials were conducted to determine the effects of organic C amendments (OCA) on N dynamics and spring wheat (Triticum durum L.) harvest parameters proceeding early-and late-broccoli (Brassica olecerea var italica L.) systems in 2009 and 2010. The experimental controls represented the traditional grower practice of incorporated broccoli crop residue (CR-control) and the pre-plant application of N fertilizer (CRN-control) to subsequent spring wheat. Alternative practices were compared to the controls, which included broccoli crop residue removal (CR-removal), an oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop (CC-oat), and three different OCA of wheat straw (OCA-straw), yard waste (OCA-yard), or used cooking oil (OCA-oil). The treatments, which demonstrated reduced autumn soil mineral N (SMN) concentrations after broccoli harvest, relative to the CR-control, were CR-removal, OCA-straw, and OCA-oil. Although CR-removal and OCA-straw indicated a reduced potential for autumn soil N losses in the early-broccoli system, these practices are not recommended for growers because subsequent spring wheat yield and profit margins were reduced compared to the CR-and CRN-controls. The OCA-oil reduced autumn SMN concentrations by 53 to 112 kg N ha relative to the CR-control after both early-and late-broccoli harvest, suggesting a larger potential for reduced autumn soil N losses, compared to all other treatments. No detrimental effects resulted from the OCA-oil OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2013, 3 182 treatment on the subsequent spring yield or grain N. The OCA-oil reduced spring wheat profit margins relative to the CR-control, like the OCA-straw and CR-removal treatments, however profit margins were similar between the OCA-oil and the CRN-control. Therefore, in areas with a high risk of environmental N contamination, growers should consider the OCA-oil practice after cole crop harvest to minimize the risk of N losses.

show abstract

Section: Spring Wheat Productionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

Congreves¹,

Vyn²,

Eerd³

2014

Agricultural Resource Use and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies have evaluated the impact of OCA on N dynamics in horticultural systems (Chaves et al 2005a(Chaves et al , b, 2007Congreves et al 2013aCongreves et al , b, 2014, however, a synthesis of research results, such as a meta-analysis, is needed for a robust estimate of the effectiveness for OCA as a management strategy to minimize N loss.…”

Section: Strategies To Minimize Post-harvest Nitrogen Lossmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…By incorporating residues with an N content of [1.5 % N, SMN usually increases during the first year after incorporation, which increases the rate of N loss (Power and Legg 1978). Cole crop residues are rich in N, i.e., 3.9 % N (Congreves et al 2013a), and if left on the soil surface, overwinter NO 3 -leaching losses can be minimized (Wehrmann and Scharpf 1989) but gaseous emissions of N might increase. Leaving crop residues on the soil surface may require less labour or time, reduce soil erosion, and increase available water compared to incorporating crop residues (Smith and Sharpley 1990).…”

Section: Strategies To Minimize Post-harvest Nitrogen Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to accurately assess the potential of N management practices after cole crop harvest, it is essential to characterize N mineralization rates from a homogenous mixture of cole crop residue (stem and leaves). In an incubation study, Congreves et al (2013a) homogenized broccoli residue (leaves and stems) and found the first order kinetic model N(t) = N 68.3 (1 -e -0.31t ) described N mineralization of incorporated cole crop residues over 56 days. Considering that 35-60 % of broccoli or cauliflower crop residue N mineralized in controlled incubation studies (Chaves et al 2007;Congreves et al 2013a), and that the crop residue may contain up to 330 kg N ha -1 (Bakker et al 2009a), then up to 198 kg N ha -1 may mineralize in the field after harvest (Congreves et al 2013a), which represents a significant risk for loss.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nitrogen cycling and management in intensive horticultural systems

Congreves

Eerd

2015

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vegetables are important horticultural commodities with high farm gate values and nutritional quality. For many vegetables, growers apply large amounts of N fertilizer ([200 kg N ha -1 ) to increase yield and profits, but such high N fertilizer applications can pose a significant threat for N loss and environmental contamination via denitrification, volatilization, leaching, runoff, and erosion. Nitrogen losses can reduce air and water quality by contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, ground-level ozone and particulate matter production, ground and surface water contamination, and eutrophication. The processes governing N loss include a complex of biological, physical, and chemical factors, which are impacted by management practices, climatic conditions and soil properties. Therefore, we reviewed and evaluated various management practices for minimizing N loss in N-intensive vegetable production within a temperate climate. Most soil nutrient management practices have focused on reducing N loss throughout the growing season, but the risk for N loss is very high after harvesting vegetables with low N harvest indices, low C:N ratios, and high quantities of N in crop residues, such as most Brassica oleracea L. crops. Amending soil with organic C material may present a novel strategy for reducing N losses after harvest by 37 %, compared to the typical practice of incorporating N-rich vegetable crop residues. Research must focus on testing new and innovative methods of minimizing post-harvest N loss in intensive horticulture.

show abstract

Impact of high carbon amendments and pre-crops on soil bacterial communities

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 2-year outdoor mesocosm experiment was carried out to determine the effects of high C amendments (HCAs; wheat straw and sawdust) compared to a control with no addition of HCAs (no-HCA) and 2 different crop rotation systems (spring barley/winter barley and faba bean/winter barley) on soil bacterial communities using a molecular barcoding approach. Samples were analyzed after pre-crop harvest (T1) and harvest of winter barley (T2). Our data demonstrate a clear drop in bacterial diversity after winter barley harvest in the no-HCA and wheat straw treatment compared to the pre-crops. Sawdust application had a stabilizing effect on bacterial diversity compared to the pre-crops and induced an increase in carbon (C) stocks in soil which were however negatively correlated with yields. Main responders in the no-HCA and wheat straw treatment compared to the pre-crops were bacteria of the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes which were enriched and bacteria belonging to Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, and Gemmatimonadaceae which were depleted. Overall differences between wheat straw–amended and no-HCA control samples were small and included single ASVs from various phyla. In sawdust-amended samples, only a shift of some Proteobacteria families was observed compared to the no-HCA control. Overall, pre-crop plant species had small influence on the observed response pattern of the soil microbiome towards the amendments and was only visible for wheat straw.

show abstract

Broccoli residue-derived nitrogen immobilization following amendments of organic carbon: An incubation study

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

Nitrogen cycling and management in intensive horticultural systems

Impact of high carbon amendments and pre-crops on soil bacterial communities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About