Broccoli microgreens have hypoglycemic effect by improving blood lipid and inflammatory factors while modulating gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

This study aims to explore the hypoglycemic effect of lyophilized broccoli microgreens on type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice. The experiment lasted 18 weeks, including 1 week of adaptation (normal diet) and 17-week experimental period (high-fat diet). After ingestion of broccoli microgreens, the body weight and glucose homeostasis were improved. Meanwhile, the blood lipid status, antioxidant indexes, and inflammatory factors level were improved. Moreover, the insulin resistance and the pathological changes in mice organs were reversed. In addition, the composition of gut microbiota and the production of propionic acid in intestinal content were improved. Our experiment proved that broccoli microgreens have the ability to regulate T2D and improve symptoms of mice T2D induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). Practical applicationsFor years, the functionality of broccoli microgreens has attracted much attention. This article will prove the therapeutic effect of broccoli microgreens on T2D and explain its principle of action in the management of T2D.

Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

“…This extract also inhibited the non-enzymatic glycation of protein. Furthermore, lyophilized broccoli microgreen powder 2 g/kg bodyweight has shown a hypoglycaemic effect in mice fed with a high-fat diet and/or with streptozotocin [ 92 ]. Further, barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) microgreen, a member of the grass family, which contains phytochemicals, such as 3′-Benzyloxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5β,7βH,10α-Eudesm-11-en-1α-ol, 4′,6-Dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, citronellyl tiglate, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, and phytanic acid, improved glucose metabolism in streptozotocin and/or aflatoxin induced diabetes condition in male albino rats [ 93 , 94 ].…”

“…On the other hand, lyophilized microgreen powder significantly reduced inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids and microbial composition of mouse feces also improved after treatment with broccoli microgreens [ 92 ]. Furthermore, streptozotocin and aflatoxin increased lactate dehydrogenase activity, and malondialdehyde and oxidative stress in male albino rats was significantly decreased with barley microgreen treatment [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Brassicaceae microgreens: A novel and promissory source of sustainable bioactive compounds

“…In these specific investigations, phenolic compounds and/or ITCs/indoles have been proposed as the moderating agents of anti-inflammatory activities and immunoprotective (promoted by antioxidant effects, reduction of liver cytokines, and inhibition of the LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the secretions of inflammatory proteins)( Huang et al, 2016 ; Subedi et al, 2019 ; Wojdyło et al, 2020 ; Jambor et al, 2022 ); anticancer properties (antiproliferative effect on colon cancer –based on a Caco-2 cells model ( Fuente et al, 2020 ), anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in 3D cell cultures (Ewin sarcoma)(Truzzi et al , 2021), anti-proliferative effects on human prostate carcinoma ( Drozdowska et al, 2021 ), and proliferative inhibition and anti-migrating effects on breast and liver cancer cells ( Saengha et al, 2021 ); cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention (by modulation of lipidic uptake and oxidative stress metabolism) ( Huang et al, 2016 ; X. T. Li et al, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2022 ); anti-diabetic effects (by inhibition of α-amylase, and/or affecting glucose uptake) ( Wadhawan et al, 2018 ; Aly et al, 2020 ; Wojdyło et al, 2020 ; Ma et al, 2022 ); and gut-microbiota modulation(protection against gut inflammation by enhancing the production short fatty acids, and improving gut bacterial diversity)( Wojdyło et al, 2020 ; Ma et al, 2022 ).…”

“…sativa) Polyphenols Truzzi et al (2021) Antiproliferative on both RD-ES and A673 sarcoma spheroids Green pea (Pisum sativum) Potential anti-tumor effect Red rambo radish (Raphanus sativus) Correction of glycemic dysregulation, weight reduction in type 2 diabetes Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Ma et al (2022) Improvement of the microbial structure of the intestine in type 2 diabetes Reduction of white adipose tissue mass, body weight and size of adipocytes, improvement of glucose tolerance, reduction of insulin level and resistance Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) (X.…”

Brassicaceae Microgreens: Phytochemical Compositions, Influences of Growing Practices, Postharvest Technology, Health, and Food Applications

“…Diabetes is a long-lasting health condition affecting over a half billion (536.6 million), or 10.5% of the world’s adult population, estimated to reach 783.2 million by 2045. , BM have shown hypoglycemic activity by inhibiting insulin resistance. For instance, Ma et al fed male mice (with type 2 diabetes) with a diet containing different concentrations of broccoli microgreens juice. The hypoglycemic property of broccoli juice was reflected by improving body weight and glucose homeostasis, blood lipid status, antioxidant indexes, and inflammatory factors.…”