Broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar.botrytis) Yield Loss from Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Interference

Bell, Carl E.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500080917

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Italian ryegrass densities of 600 to 1,000 plants m À2 contributed to 100% yield loss in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) (Bell 1995). Italian ryegrass is highly competitive with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Appleby and Brewster 1992), and competition reduced wheat yield up to 92% (Hashem et al 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) Control with Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides

et al. 2014

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Dense populations of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass are problematic for spring burndown herbicide programs and crop establishment in the midsouthern United States. Two field studies were conducted to evaluate fall-applied residual herbicides for control of GR Italian ryegrass and to identify the most effective application timing for these herbicides. Fall applications of clomazone at 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai ha−1, pyroxasulfone at 0.16 kg ai ha−1, andS-metolachlor at 1.79 kg ai ha−1controlled GR Italian ryegrass ≥ 93% 180 d after application. Control from incorporated applications of pendimethalin at 1.59 kg ai ha−1and trifluralin at 1.68 kg ai ha−1and surface applications ofS-metolachlor at 1.42 kg ha−1provided control similar to the best treatments. Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass control following clomazone, pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, or trifluralin applied in mid September, October, or November exceeded that from fall tillage by 19 to 56% at 90 and 140 d after the last treatment. Pyroxasulfone andS-metolachlor controlled more GR Italian ryegrass following October or November applications compared with those in September at both 90 and 140 d after the last application timing. However, the benefit of delaying clomazone application from October to November was not realized until the last evaluation (140 d after the last treatment). Clomazone, pyroxasulfone, andS-metolachlor offer growers the best opportunity for residual control of GR Italian ryegrass, and control is optimized when these herbicides are applied in November.

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Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) Control with Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides

et al. 2014

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“…Traditionally, studies of crop yield response to weed density involved, at least implicitly, a presumption of the existence of a damage threshold referred to by Cousens (1985) as a "biological threshold weed density" (Radosevich and Holt, 1984); however, more recent perspectives challenge this notion with regard to weeds (Radosevich and Rousch, 1990;Radosevich et al, 1997). In many empirical studies conducted during recent years of the degree of crop yield loss due to competition, weed pests are regarded as competing for resources with agricultural crops, and crop yield response to weed density is frequently described by a rectangular hyperbolic model (Bell, 1995;Cardina et al, 1995;Cousens, 1985;Kwon et al, 1995;Limon-Ortega et al, 1998;Swinton et al, 1994;Wilson, 1993). As noted in Cousens (1985), use of the rectangular hyperbolic model precludes the existence of pest-tolerant response for weed pests.…”

Section: Pest-tolerant Response and Weed Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observations from these field trials can also be utilized to investigate the existence of weed tolerance by field corn grown in Massachusetts using the statistical model (Equation 3) and estimation procedures outlined earlier. A pre-mix combination of alachlor plus atrazine was applied preemergence at various rates to fields otherwise characterized by conventional practices.…”

Section: Weed Tolerance By Field Com In Massachusettsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of pesttolerant crop response with reference to corn weed control

Morzuch

Moffitt

et al. 2000

Am J Alt Ag

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A statistical model of crop-weed competition is developed to permit, but not require, the existence of crop tolerance of weed pests. The popular rectangular hyperbolic model of crop-weed competition is shown to be a special case of the more comprehensive model. Application of the model to corn weed control in Massachusetts demonstrates its practicality and detects evidence of pest-tolerant crop response in this crop-weed system.

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“…Italian ryegrass densities of 600 to 1000 plants per meter row caused 100% yield loss in broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) . Corn ( Zea mays L.) density and yield were severely reduced due to competition from Italian ryegrass …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15] Italian ryegrass has developed into an economically important weed affecting small grain and vegetable crops. [16][17][18] For example, winter wheat yield was decreased by 4700 kg·ha −1 when Italian ryegrass density increased from 0.7 to 3 plants·m −2 . 16 Competition from Italian ryegrass reduced winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield up to 92%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) from Mississippi and North Carolina

Nandula

Giacomini

Lawrence

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Clethodim, an acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicide, is one of the few postemergence chemical control options available to growers of Mississippi to manage glyphosate and/or other herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass populations. Recently, clethodim failed to adequately control Italian ryegrass populations across Mississippi. A sethoxydim, also an ACCase inhibitor, ‐resistant Italian ryegrass population from North Carolina was cross‐resistant to clethodim. This research characterized the magnitude and mechanisms of clethodim resistance in the Mississippi and North Carolina Italian ryegrass populations via whole‐plant herbicide dose response, cross resistance, and metabolism studies, and molecular analysis. RESULTS Two clethodim‐resistant biotypes from Mississippi, MS24 and MS37, were 10‐ and 4‐fold resistant, respectively, relative to a susceptible (SUS1) biotype. A North Carolina biotype, NC21, was 40‐fold resistant to clethodim compared to SUS1. Two additional biotypes from North Carolina, NC22 and NC 23, recorded shoot dry weight reduction of only 17–30% of nontreated at the highest clethodim dose of 2.17 kg ha−1, (8×). The NC22 biotype was cross‐resistant to sethoxydim, fluazifop, quizalofop, and pinoxaden. Metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide and 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan did not affect resistance of MS37, MS51, and NC22 biotypes to fenoxaprop, clethodim, or pinoxaden. The MS37 biotype had three target site mutations, I2041N, C2088R, and G2096A. Another clethodim‐resistant biotype from Mississippi, MS51, had only the C2088R substitution. The NC22 and NC23 biotypes had I1781L, I2041N, and D2078G replacements. CONCLUSION This study shows that the mechanism of resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass from Mississippi and North Carolina is due to target site modifications in the ACCase gene leading to broad cross‐resistance to other ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar.botrytis) Yield Loss from Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Interference

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) Control with Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides

Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) Control with Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides

Statistical analysis of pesttolerant crop response with reference to corn weed control

Resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) from Mississippi and North Carolina

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