Broadly tunable Tm/Ho-codoped fiber lasers based on temperature-sensitive single-mode–multimode–single-mode fiber structures

Abstract

We present all-fiber tunable lasers using single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) structures involving a liquid cladding in the multimode section. We make use of large thermooptic coefficients of the refractive-index liquids to tune the laser oscillation wavelength. The oscillation wavelength is changed over a range of 100 nm from 1858 nm to 1958 nm by controlling the temperature of the SMS structures in the Tm/Ho-codoped fiber ring resonators.

A micrometric deflection fiber laser sensor controlled by polarized light pumping

“…The advantages reported in this work compared to [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] in the results presented by us it is observed that the central wavelength adjustment was achieved through rotating the polarization controller (PC). In addition, through the experimental scheme, the range of adjustment can be improved.…”

“…In addition, through the experimental scheme, the range of adjustment can be improved. The works reviewed to make the comparisons have the tuning ability in ranges between the 1080's-1090's nm using Ytterbiumdoped fiber (YDF) [13][14][15][16], 1530's-1560's nm with Erbiumdoped fiber (EDF) [17][18][19][20] and 1880's-1890's nm using Tm doped fiber [21][22][23], achieving this through mechanisms such as free-space, opto-fluidic or thermos-optic. This highlights the results obtained in our work where a fiber optic medium is used tuning through micrometric deflection and polarized light pumping achieving tuning in ranges between 1520's and 1550's.…”

Wavelength Tuning of Multimode Interference Fiber Lasers: A Review

“…Summary of the central wavelength and the tuning range of wavelength‐tuned MMI fiber lasers tracked over time. Squares (orange) markers indicate ytterbium MMI fiber lasers: a) Selvas et al [ 13 ] b) Anzueto et al [ 14 ] c) Mukhopadhyay et al [ 29 ] d) Chakravarty et al [ 30 ] Circles (green) markers indicate Erbium MMI fiber lasers: e) Castillo et al [ 15 ] f) Castillo et al [ 16 ] g) Walbaum et al [ 26 ] h,i) Ma et al, [ 21,22 ] j) Antonio et al, [ 20 ] k) Ahmad et al [ 28 ] l) Khattak et al [ 31 ] m) Li et al [ 34 ] n) Zhang et al [ 32 ] Triangles (purple) markers indicate Thulium MMI fiber lasers: o) Ma et al [ 23 ] p) Zhang et al [ 33 ] q) Li et al [ 27 ] r) Ibarra et al [ 24 ] s,t) Sakata et al [ 25 ] u) Li et al [ 35 ] v,w) Sakata et al [ 36 ] The diamond and down triangle indicate exceptional cases where special light sources were used for Erbium, x) Antonio et al, [ 20 ] and Thulium, y) Yan et al [ 37 ] , respectively (see text for details).…”

“…In 2020, Sakata et al demonstrated the thermo‐optic tuning of Tm MMI fiber lasers, where was modified indirectly by changing the temperature. [ 36 ] They used an NCF‐based MMI filter placed inside a glass capillary filled with RI matching oil. This oil has a large thermo optic coefficient.…”

Tunable Q-switched Tm/Ho-codoped fiber laser based on a thermo-optically controlled multimode interference fiber structure

“…Among them, the MMIbased filter is a promising candidate due to its simple singlemode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber structure. Tuning mechanisms have been developed, for example, by changing either the core or cladding length in the multimode section and by controlling the temperature in the multimode section [18][19][20].…”