Broadly tunable dual-wavelength light source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Ganikhanov, Feruz; Carrasco, Sílvia; Xie, X. Sunney; Katz, M.; Seitz, W. Rudolf; Kopf, D.

doi:10.1364/ol.31.001292

Cited by 216 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The near IR lasers avoid two-photon electronic enhancement of the nonresonant background ( 32 ), reduce the photodamage induced by multiphoton absorption ( 33 ), and diminish tissue scattering leading to increased optical penetration depth ( 34 ). As a two-beam modality, CARS microscopy is mostly operated with picosecond (ps) pulses, either from two synchronized Ti:sapphire lasers ( 35 ) or from a synchronously pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator system ( 34 ).…”

Section: Near Ir Laser Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a two-beam modality, CARS microscopy is mostly operated with picosecond (ps) pulses, either from two synchronized Ti:sapphire lasers ( 35 ) or from a synchronously pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator system ( 34 ). Picosecond pulse excitation not only provides suffi cient spectral resolution ( 36 ) but also increases the ratio of resonant signal to nonresonant background ( 35 ).…”

Section: Near Ir Laser Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shedding new light on lipid biology with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Yue

Cheng

2010

Journal of Lipid Research

147

130

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Despite the ubiquitous roles of lipids in biology, the detection of lipids has relied on invasive techniques and population measurements. The molecular profi les of the lipid-rich structures are evaluated by measurements of total lipid extracts with liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry ( 8 ). This approach is inexact because it measures lipid molecules from areas other than the structures of interest. Furthermore, spatial information, which is critical to understanding the function of lipids ( 9 ), is inaccessible with the bulk measurement techniques. To visualize the lipid-rich structures, fl uorescently tagged lipid molecules, which intercalate with the lipidrich structures, are used ( 10, 11 ). Nevertheless, the use of the fl uorescent lipid molecules to label lipid-rich structures is problematic for several reasons. First, to facilitate the transport of the fl uorescent lipid molecules into cells, cell fi xation procedures are often performed ( 12 ). This procedure prevents monitoring the dynamic responses of lipid-rich structures to stimuli or the disease processes. Second, labeling effi ciency is highly dependent on the type of fl uorescent lipid molecules ( 12 ), thus posing a signifi cant problem to the quantitation of lipid-rich structures. Third, the intercalation of fl uorescent lipid molecules can lead to changes in the properties of lipidrich structures. For instance, incorporation of fl uorescent lipid molecules into the cell membrane can induce membrane phase separation and membrane microdomain formation, which can perturb critical cellular processes including signal transduction and endocytosis ( 13 ).As an alternative to fl uorescence, signals from molecular vibration provide an attractive means for label-free chemical imaging. In particular, Raman scattering has been widely used for spectroscopic study of biomolecules ( 14 ). The Raman-scattered photons exhibit frequency Abstract Despite the ubiquitous roles of lipids in biology, the detection of lipids has relied on invasive techniques, population measurements, or nonspecifi c labeling. Such diffi culties can be circumvented by a label-free imaging technique known as coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) microscopy, which is capable of chemically selective, highly sensitive, and high-speed imaging of lipid-rich structures with submicron three-dimensional spatial resolution. We review the broad applications of CARS microscopy to studies of lipid biology in cell cultures, tissue biopsies, and model organisms. Recent technical advances, limitations of the technique, and perspectives are discussed. Lipids play a critical role in human health and diseases. Phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterol lipids are the major components of the cell membrane ( 1 ). Sphingolipids constitute up to 80% of the myelin sheaths, which are the membranous structures that wrap around the axons for insulation and for proper propagation of electrical impulses ( 2 ). Glycerolipids or triglycerides serve as the cytoplasmic energy depots ( 3 ). Bioactive lip...

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Section: Near Ir Laser Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Near Ir Laser Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding new light on lipid biology with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Yue

Cheng

2010

Journal of Lipid Research

147

130

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“…Stokes) involves the use of the output with only a single oscillator. There are various strategies for this approach: (1) using an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (Ganikhanov et al 2006); (2) mixing the frequencies from a single high bandwidth pulse (Dudovich et al 2002); (3) generating new spectral components using a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) (Paulsen et al 2003). Figure 3 illustrates simplified configurations of OPO-and PCF-based multimodal CARS systems.…”

Section: Laser Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical microscopy in decoding arterial diseases

Ridsdale

Mostaço-Guidolin

et al. 2012

Biophys Rev

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Pathological understanding of arterial diseases is mainly attributable to histological observations based on conventional tissue staining protocols. The emerging development of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM), particularly in second-harmonic generation, two-photon excited fluorescence and coherent Raman scattering, provides a new venue to visualize pathological changes in the extracellular matrix caused by atherosclerosis progression. These techniques in general require minimal tissue preparation and offer rapid three-dimensional imaging. The capability of label-free microscopic imaging enables disease impact to be studied directly on the bulk artery tissue, thus minimally perturbing the sample. In this review, we look at recent progress in applications related to arterial disease imaging using various forms of NLOM.

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“…For this purpose, the pump frequency of the OPO has to be shifted to the visible spectral range, since otherwise the excitation-beam frequencies lie too far in the IR region. [39] For this type of experiment, the range of accessible low-frequency Raman transitions is only limited by the characteristics of the optical filter used to separate the excitation light from the anti-Stokes signal. This is also true for a second type of experiment, in which the signal output of two OPOs pumped in parallel is used as pump/probe and Stokes beams.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy

2007

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Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is presented as a new nonlinear optical technique. The combination of vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy allows highly sensitive investigations of unlabelled samples. CARS is an ideal tool for studying a broad variety of samples. The main drawback of the technique is its non‐zero‐background nature, which implies that the signal has to be detected against a nonresonant background. The need to solve this problem is reflected in the rapid technological developments that have been observed during the last decade. Recent results show that CARS microscopy has the potential to become an important complementary technique that can be used with other well‐established microscopic methods. Although it has some limitations, it offers unique access to many problems that cannot be tackled with conventional techniques. For this reason, it can be expected that the impressive growth of the field will continue.

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Broadly tunable dual-wavelength light source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Cited by 216 publications

References 24 publications

Shedding new light on lipid biology with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Shedding new light on lipid biology with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Nonlinear optical microscopy in decoding arterial diseases

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy

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