Broadening of polymer chromatographic signals: Analysis, quantification and correction through effective diffusion coefficients

Suárez, Inmaculada; Coto, Baudilío

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.068

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The GPC molecular weights were generally overestimated than the real molecular weight in this case due to conjugated PM6En being much more rigid and bulky than polystyrene when they have the same molecular weight. 59,60 The tin content (C Tin ) in the polymer was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the results were also summarized in Table 1. PM67 without end-capping had the highest tin content of 1.52%, while other polymers have low tin content below 0.5% due to end-capping.…”

Section: Polymer Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Crown Ether End-Capped PM6 Copolymers with Tunable Molecular Weight for Organic Solar Cells

Li,

Liu,

Shui

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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Poly-[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PM6) is one of the star molecules in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, PM6 has been suffering from molecular weight control and unreacted terminal groups. Thus, synthesizing high-quality polymers without batch-to-batch variations has been challenging for many years. Herein, a one-step protocol of both end-capping and polymerization at the same time was developed to prepare end-capped PM6 with molecular weight controlled by changing the monomer ratio. Specifically, non-end-capped PM67 and a series of PM6En with different molecular weights were synthesized and characterized. Our research findings indicated that (1) these copolymers’ number-average molecular weights (M ns) and weight-average molecular weights (M ws) were measured to be almost linearly increased. Although textbooks have mentioned the nonequivalent ratio monomer strategy to regulate the molecular weight of polymers, the end-capping yield has not been reported in the research of OSCs due to a lack of efficient experiments and instruments to measure the low percentage of end groups in the polymer. (2) Since the selected end-caping reagent 4′-bromobenzo-18-crown-6 (EBr) can be easily distinguished from the PM6 main backbone, we first measured the end-capping yield by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS). We applied this approach for the first time to synthesize polymers with reasonable end-capping yields (40–97%) for OSCs. (3) Surprisingly, 18-crown-6 can reduce end-group defects, lower the polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymer, and achieve suitable morphology and mobility. As a result, the end-capped PM6E7-based device exhibited the best stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to those of the other end-capped or non-end-capped polymers. Both the end groups and molecular weight significantly affect the performance of the OSCs. PM6 and other copolymers could be finely tuned by subtly changing the molecular weights or end-cap groups with functional building blocks. Our research will stimulate the development of OSCs and other applications of copolymers.

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Section: Polymer Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Crown Ether End-Capped PM6 Copolymers with Tunable Molecular Weight for Organic Solar Cells

Li,

Liu,

Shui

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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show abstract

“…Some newer methods focus on describing calibration approach which involve simultaneously the use of SEC and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) techniques [13][14][15][16]. As one example, Suarez et al [16] developed a method [16] based on diffusion effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Some newer methods focus on describing calibration approach which involve simultaneously the use of SEC and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) techniques [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A broad-standard technique for correcting for band broadening in size-exclusion chromatography

Zhang

Mazoyer

Gilbert

2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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Broadening of polymer chromatographic signals: Analysis, quantification and correction through effective diffusion coefficients

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Synthesis of Crown Ether End-Capped PM6 Copolymers with Tunable Molecular Weight for Organic Solar Cells

Synthesis of Crown Ether End-Capped PM6 Copolymers with Tunable Molecular Weight for Organic Solar Cells

A broad-standard technique for correcting for band broadening in size-exclusion chromatography

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