Abstract:Phylogenetic analyses have provided strong evidence that amino acid changes in spike (S) protein of animal and human SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) during and between two zoonotic transfers (2002/03 and 2003/04) are the result of positive selection. While several studies support that some amino acid changes between animal and human viruses are the result of inter-species adaptation, the role of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in driving SARS-CoV evolution, particularly during intra-species transmission, is unkn… Show more
“…These antibodies have all been described favorably in the literature [29,70,71]. A similar approach is known as single chain fragment variable (scFv) library screening, whereby the use of RBD as a bait protein allows some neutralizing antibodies to be screened out from non-immune humans [72,73].…”
“…These antibodies have all been described favorably in the literature [29,70,71]. A similar approach is known as single chain fragment variable (scFv) library screening, whereby the use of RBD as a bait protein allows some neutralizing antibodies to be screened out from non-immune humans [72,73].…”
“…S2 is more conserved than S1 protein, suggesting that the S2 epitope may provide broader nAbs. The combination of Abs targeting divergent epitopes, that we termed ‘divergent combination immunotherapy’, would be more potent to prevent viral infection and neutralization escape [15]. Another interesting finding is that 8/12 of these mAbs used IGHV1–69 germline gene.…”
“…As of 2008 more than 140 human monoclonal reagents were considered candidates for clinical application (Nature Reviews/Drug Discovery), suggesting this as a likely approach. To this end, human scFv reagents have been cloned that have specificity for Gtf epitopes and enzyme-inhibitory activity (Sui et al, 2008). These may also hold promise for passive immunotherapy.…”
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