Broadened forward-masked tuning curves from intense masking tones: Delay-time and probe-level manipulations

Nelson, David A.; Freyman, Richard L.

doi:10.1121/1.390866

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Finally, it should not be concluded that there is no increase in filter bandwidth with level at frequencies of 1 and 2 kHz. Studies using psychophysical tuning curves have been able to measure tuning at levels higher than we attained in the present study, and have found increases in filter bandwidth once the masker level exceeds about 60 dB SPL (Nelson and Freyman, 1984;Nelson et al, 1990;Nelson, 1991). To our knowledge, no similar studies have been done at higher signal frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Studies that did use nonsimultaneous masking have employed either psychophysical tuning curves Nelson and Freyman, 1984;Nelson et al, 1990;Nelson, 1991) or the notched-noise technique (Glasberg and Moore, 1982). The studies using psychophysical tuning curves have concluded that the masker level at the tip of the tuning curve (i.e., when the masker and signal frequencies are very similar) determines the bandwidth and shape of the filter, and that other variables, such as the gap between the masker and signal, and the signal level, have no effect once the effects of masker level have been accounted for (e.g., Nelson and Freyman, 1984). Furthermore, these studies indicate that the filter shape remains roughly constant for masker levels (at the tip of the tuning curve) up to about 60 dB SPL (Nelson et al, 1990), above which it broadens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Level dependence of auditory filters in nonsimultaneous masking as a function of frequency

Oxenham

Simonson

2006

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Auditory filter bandwidths were measured using nonsimultaneous masking, as a function of signal level between 10 and 35 dB SL for signal frequencies of 1, 2, 4, and 6 kHz. The brief sinusoidal signal was presented in a temporal gap within a spectrally notched noise. Two groups of normalhearing subjects were tested, one using a fixed masker level and adaptively varying signal level, the other using a fixed signal level and adaptively varying masker level. In both cases, auditory filters were derived by assuming a constant filter shape for a given signal level. The filter parameters derived from the two paradigms were not significantly different. At 1 kHz, the equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) decreased as the signal level increased from 10 to 20 dB SL, after which it remained roughly constant. In contrast, at 6 kHz, the ERB increased consistently with signal levels from 10 to 35 dB SL. The results at 2 and 4 kHz were intermediate, showing no consistent change in ERB with signal level. Overall, the results suggest changes in the level dependence of the auditory filters at frequencies above 1 kHz that are not currently incorporated in models of human auditory filter tuning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level dependence of auditory filters in nonsimultaneous masking as a function of frequency

Oxenham

Simonson

2006

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…A number of previous studies have also used forward masking, including conditions where the masker was below the signal in frequency ͑e.g. Kidd and Feth, 1981;Nelson and Freyman, 1984;Nelson et al, 1990͒. However, in these and other studies, the level of the signal was rarely above 40 dB SPL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A behavioral measure of basilar-membrane nonlinearity in listeners with normal and impaired hearing

Oxenham¹,

Plack

1997

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

235

247

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This paper examines the possibility of estimating basilar-membrane (BM) nonlinearity using a psychophysical technique. The level of a forward masker required to mask a brief signal was measured for conditions where the masker was either at, or one octave below, the signal frequency. The level of the forward masker at masked threshold provided an indirect measure of the BM response to the signal, as follows. Consistent with physiological studies, it was assumed that the BM responds linearly to frequencies well below the characteristic frequency (CF). Thus the ratio of the slopes of the masking functions between a masker at the signal frequency and a masker well below the signal frequency should provide an estimate of BM compression at CF. Results obtained from normally hearing listeners were in quantitative agreement with physiological estimates of BM compression. Furthermore, differences between normally hearing listeners and listeners with cochlear hearing impairment were consistent with the physiological effects of damage to the cochlea. The results support the hypothesis that BM nonlinearity governs the nonlinear growth of the upward spread of masking, and suggest that this technique provides a straightforward method for estimating BM nonlinearity in humans.

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“…Thus, probe threshold as a function of masker-to-probe spectral separation is considered to be indicative of the degree of neural population overlap between the stimuli. In normal hearing listeners, acoustic forward masking produces psychophysical tuning curves that are comparable to physiological tuning curves in the auditory nerve; however, the psychophysical methods generally overestimate the sharpness of physiological tuning curves (Moore, 1978;Nelson and Freyman, 1984;Relkin and Turner, 1988;Turner et al, 1994). Forward masking procedures have an advantage over simultaneous masking procedures in that the former are not confounded by lateral suppression (Houtgast, 1972;Moore, 1978).…”

Section: Evidence Of Focusing With Bipolar and Tripolar Stimulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current focusing and steering: Modeling, physiology, and psychophysics

Bonham

Litvak²

2008

Hearing Research

163

134

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Current steering and current focusing are stimulation techniques designed to increase the number of distinct perceptual channels available to cochlear implant (CI) users by adjusting currents applied simultaneously to multiple CI electrodes. Previous studies exploring current steering and current focusing stimulation strategies are reviewed, including results of research using computational models, animal neurophysiology, and human psychophysics. Preliminary results of additional neurophysiological and human psychophysical studies are presented that demonstrate the success of current steering strategies in stimulating auditory nerve regions lying between physical CI electrodes, as well as current focusing strategies that excite regions narrower than those stimulated using monopolar configurations. These results are interpreted in the context of perception and speech reception by CI users. Disparities between results of physiological and psychophysical studies are discussed. The differences in stimulation used for physiological and psychophysical studies are hypothesized to contribute to these disparities. Finally, application of current steering and focusing strategies to other types of auditory prostheses is also discussed.

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Broadened forward-masked tuning curves from intense masking tones: Delay-time and probe-level manipulations

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Level dependence of auditory filters in nonsimultaneous masking as a function of frequency

Level dependence of auditory filters in nonsimultaneous masking as a function of frequency

A behavioral measure of basilar-membrane nonlinearity in listeners with normal and impaired hearing

Current focusing and steering: Modeling, physiology, and psychophysics

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