Broadband squeezed microwaves and amplification with a Josephson travelling-wave parametric amplifier

Qiu, Jack Y.; Grimsmo, Arne L.; Peng, Kaidong; Kannan, Bharath; Lienhard, Benjamin; Sung, Youngkyu; Krantz, Philip; Bolkhovsky, Vladimir; Calusine, Greg; Kim, David; Melville, A.; Niedzielski, Bethany; Yoder, Jonilyn; Schwartz, Maurice L.; Orlando, Terry P.; Siddiqi, Irfan; Gustavsson, Simon; O’Brien, Kevin; Oliver, William

doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01929-w

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The advantages of such a wave mixing regime is that we are able to eliminate the zero-gain gap in the gain profile, whilst maximising the total bandwidth of the device, as the two pump tones can be placed just to the upper and lower edges of the gain profile such that they can be removed easily with a band-pass filter. This wave mixing regime has previously been experimentally verified using JTWPAs [17,18] and in the optical regime [19,20]. In this paper, we extend the concept to KITWPAs and demonstrate how a NP-4WM KITWPA could be a feasible solution for high frequency amplification by presenting a series of KITWPA designs, which could potentially be used to enhance the performance of many currently available millimetre (mm) instruments such as the various mm receivers of the Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Non-degenerate-pump four-wave mixing kinetic inductance travelling-wave parametric amplifiers

Longden,

Tan

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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Kinetic inductance travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (KITWPAs) have been demonstrated to achieve high gain over broad bandwidths whilst achieving near quantum-limited noise performance, properties which are extremely important for many ultra-sensitive experiments. In early KITWPA designs, the requirement for phase-matching lead to the creation of a large zero-gain gap in the centre of the gain profile where the peak gain is, which also slightly narrows down the operational bandwidth of the device. This has been mitigated in more recent designs by introducing a DC bias to the KITWPA device, which allows the gap to be tuned away from the amplification band. However, the added DC biasing requires a more complicated experimental setup and potentially leads to unwanted heat leak in the cryogenic environment. Additionally, operation with a DC bias also become challenging at higher frequencies beyond the microwave regime. In this paper, we present the concept of a KITWPA operating in a non-degenerate-pump four-wave mixing (NP-4WM) regime, whereby the injection of two pump tones along with a weak signal results in a broad, flat gain profile that removes the zero-gain gap as well as eliminates the need for a DC bias and the complexities associated with it. We demonstrate how a NP-4WM KITWPA is feasible to achieve broadband amplification at a range of frequencies, first in the microwave range where most KITWPAs reported to-date have been successfully experimentally characterised. We then extend the designs to several millimetre (mm) bands to illustrate how we can use this technique to design a broadband front-end pre-amplifier that covers several Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) Bands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Non-degenerate-pump four-wave mixing kinetic inductance travelling-wave parametric amplifiers

Longden,

Tan

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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“…Up to now, many systems have been proposed to produce squeezed vacuum states of microwave fields, such as circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], cavity magnomechanical systems [24], and optomechanical systems [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. For example, squeezed vacuum states of microwave fields can be produced by modulating the damping rate of a microwave resonator at twice its natural frequency in circuit QED [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing and entangling two microwave modes of electro-optomechanical systems with two driving lasers

Li,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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We propose an eﬀective scheme to generate the squeezed vacuum states of two microwave ﬁelds, bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement in a compound four-mode electro-optomechanical system with two driving lasers of diﬀerent amplitudes. We ﬁnd that two microwave ﬁelds can be squeezed simultaneously when the eﬀective coupling constants between mechanical oscillator and two microwave ﬁelds are chosen appropriately.In particular, the squeezing of one microwave mode can be larger than 3dB even at high temperature. We also ﬁnd that bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement can be generated in this system which are robust against thermal ﬂuctuations. Our scheme may have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology.

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“…JTWPAs utilize the nonlinear inductance of Josephson junctions, arranged as transmission line arrays of either single Josephson junctions [4]- [7], dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) [8], rf-SQUIDs [9], or superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive elements (SNAILs) [10]- [13]. Parametric amplification occurs, depending on the order of nonlinearity, in the three-wave-mixing (3WM) or four-wave-mixing (4WM) regime, with f p = f s + f i and Manuscript received November 18, 2022; accepted January 18, 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the design of a 3WM JTWPA a major challenge is to ensure phase-matching along the whole length of the JTWPA. This has been achieved in both 3WM and 4WM JTWPAs either by the resonant-phase-matching (RPM) technique [15] with lumped element resonators [5]- [7] or distributed resonators [4], [13], or by the periodic variation of the transmission line parameters [8], [16]- [19], e.g., by periodic capacitance modulation (PCM). Both dispersion engineering methods create a narrow-band nonmonotonic feature in the dispersion relation k(ω), which is used to compensate the phase-mismatch ∆k by an appropriate choice of f p .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to Parameter Spread in Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Kissling¹,

Gaydamachenko²,

Kaap³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We analyze the effect of circuit parameter variation on the performance of Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (JTWPAs). Specifically, the JTWPA concept we investigate is using flux-biased nonhysteretic rf-SQUIDs in a transmission line configuration, which harnesses the three-wave mixing (3WM) regime. Dispersion engineering enables phasematching to achieve power gain of ∼20 dB, while suppressing the generation of unwanted mixing processes. Two dispersion engineering concepts using a 3WM-JTWPA circuit model, i.e., resonant phase-matching (RPM) and periodic capacitance modulation (PCM), are discussed, with results potentially also applicable to four-wave-mixing (4WM) JTWPAs. We propose suitable circuit parameter sets and evaluate amplifier performance with and without circuit parameter variance using transient circuit simulations. This approach inherently takes into account microwave reflections, unwanted mixing products, imperfect phasematching, pump depletion, etc. In the case of RPM the resonance frequency spread is critical, while PCM is much less sensitive to parameter spread. We discuss degrees of freedom to make the JTWPA circuits more tolerant to parameter spread. Finally, our analysis shows that the flux-bias point where rf-SQUIDs exhibit Kerr-free nonlinearity is close to the sweet spot regarding critical current spread.

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Broadband squeezed microwaves and amplification with a Josephson travelling-wave parametric amplifier

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Non-degenerate-pump four-wave mixing kinetic inductance travelling-wave parametric amplifiers

Non-degenerate-pump four-wave mixing kinetic inductance travelling-wave parametric amplifiers

Squeezing and entangling two microwave modes of electro-optomechanical systems with two driving lasers

Vulnerability to Parameter Spread in Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers

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